ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379374

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In May, 1977, the first non‐military version of a multi‐beam, wide swath, deep ocean, bathymetric sonar was placed in service. Called SEA BEAM, this equipment provides high resolution bathymetric data across a swath width approximately equal to 78% of the depth. Angu ar resolution is 2.7° with a maximum operating depth of 11,000 m. Real time displays include a CRT presentation of the thwartship profile and a continuous strip chart of bottom contours. All sounding data are recorded on digital magnetic tape for final processing and merging with corrected navigation data. More recently, a companion system called HYDRO CHART has gone into operation for continental shelf surveys.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379375

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The paper describes a general mathematical model for the determination of depths, using “stereoscopic”; Side Scan Sonar images. It is based on the assumption that the attitude and position parameters of the sensor can be continuously recorded or reconstructed by calculation.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379376

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The paper seeks to demonstrate that the antique nature of most nautical charts available to commercial shipping is not by any means the principal cause of maritime accidents and pollution. The enormous task facing hydrographers surveying the world's continental shelves, many areas of which have never been surveyed, is described. Examples are given of the disappearance of a number of tankers and other ships, which is explained by episodic waves. The lethal nature of these waves is described, and the geographical areas in which they occur and recur, discounting the appellation “freak”; waves, which do not recur. The necessity of precise topographical surveys of areas prone to these waves, enabling hydrographers and thus commercial users of the ocean to avoid such dangerous areas, is discussed. The urgent need for much quicker legal processes following “accidents”; at sea is touched on, and the German Sea Courts system is advocated, effective there since 1871, for use in U.S. coastal areas and, in fact, in all the littoral areas of the world. The paper concludes that unless manning standards are improved by the guilty being shown up shortly after accidents have occurred when public interest is still aroused, no improvement to the steadily increasing rise in ship losses will occur. The increase in ship losses over the year preceding 1978 was 40%, and in oil pollution of varying viscosities, 300%.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379377

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Based on submarine topographic surveys and the compilation of sounding charts, some topographic characteristics of trenches are described. Especially the Japan Trench and the Nankai Trough of a structural trench are summarized as representative of trenches along the island arcs in the adjacent seas of Japan. The Japan Trench is probably a typical one in the trenches in the Northwest Pacific. On the other hand, the Nankai Trough does not show the shape of a trench topographically. In addition there are some differences in topographic features when compared with the other trenches in adjacent seas of Japan. It appears that the different features between the Japan Trench and the Nankai Trough relate to the difference of tectonic movement, reflected by seismic activity and focal mechanism in Northeast and Southwest Japan.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379378

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Long range sidescan sonar is a technique for reconnaissance of seafloor morphology. The continuity of morphologic data to ranges of 20 nautical miles makes possible regional tectonic assessments and structural analyses. Swathmap, an application of a U.S. Navy sonar system to sidescan mapping, provides mapping rates of 30–60,000 km2/day. It has identified terraces and calderas on seamounts, changes in seafloor spreading regimes from interpretation of hill lineations, and locations of major relief features. Systems such as Swathmap are becoming increasingly important for detailed seafloor mapping.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379379

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Monthly and Annual Mean Heights of Sea Level. Vol. 1:1976— Europe, Africa, India, and the Far East; Vol. 2:1977—North, Central, and South America; Vol. 3:1978—Japan, Phillippines, Australasia, and the Pacific Islands;by the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level, Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Birkenhead, Merseyside L43 7RA, U.K.: Bidston Observatory, free of cost.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379380

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379381

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379373

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor