ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490417709387957

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The hitherto promising finds of oil and gas on the Norwegian continental shelf have increased the general activity in this area considerably. Consequently, the need for better charts and more precise navigational systems have become more pertinent. During the past few years a number of marine geodetic projects have either been planned or embarked upon by various organizations within both the public and private sectors. This article gives a brief review of the Norwegian projects which have special relevance to marine geodesy; this includes the following areas: recommendations, requirements, precision navigation, satellite positioning, reference systems, boundary problems, bathymetry, geological mapping, marine geoid determination, and data base developments. The reference list will give the reader more detailed sources of information.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490417709387958

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new, precise range‐range electronic navigation system, ARGO (Automatic Ranging Grid Overlay), has been developed commercially for application to deep ocean surveys. The mobile, shore‐based system is designed to position up to eight simultaneous users, all operating on a single frequency, to ranges out to 400 mi. The U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office has utilized ARGO successfully in a joint survey with the United Kingdom of Anegada Passage. A description of the system and ARGO performance in the context of the survey are presented.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490417709387959

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea is attempting to codify international law for the use of ocean space. While the process of negotiations continues and many political‐legal problems remain to be solved, certain issues appear to be at, or near, a stage of general agreement. A major element of the emerging consensus involves the “baseline,” the line from which all claims to zones of sovereignty or jurisdiction are measured. In addition, the Conference has generally accepted a breadth of 12 nautical miles for the sovereign territorial sea and 200 nautical miles for a coastal state zone of economic competence. An acceptable definition, in a legal sense, of the continental shelf seems to be provided. A major problem in the division of ocean space among States involves the delimitation of boundaries between adjacent States—those sharing a common land boundary—and opposite States—those situated so as to face each other across bodies of water. The issue remains divisive. The final treaty or convention, if successfully negotiated, will not, however, address technical issues. These important problems will have to be resolved by scientists and technicians concerned with the earth measurements in the post‐treaty era.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490417709387960

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The current discussion of whether marine geodesy is something entirely new or part of oceanography or geodesy can be clarified by re‐examining our notions about the basic business of geodesy. This paper contends that the same basic geodetic services, which were needed for millenia to chart and control new territory, are being adapted now to the marine environment to suit modern accuracy standards. In a brief historical review it is shown that conceptually, the oceanic regions were always an integral part of geodetic concern. The oceans were certainly part of the world for the ancient map makers and for Pythagoras’ spherical earth model. Notions connected with the marine geoid were implied in ancient speculations. Distances and directions at sea, even depths, were determined to meet the requirements of the times. With the modern sophistication in geodetic theory and measuring techniques, these ideas became more refined and demanding in turn, but they were there all the time. For obvious reasons, land geodesy developed faster; marine geodesy will catch up now, because only now there is the technical capability and also an urgent economic motivation.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490417709387961

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Geodetic survey records for a meridional chain of first‐order leveling spanning 50 latitude degrees are available at the Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center (DMATC) for the Pacific coast of South America. The coastal route from Talara, Peru, to Puerto Montt, Chile (37° of latitude or 4,100 kilometers of arc), has been analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of the leveling and to determine whether or not “mean water level” (MWL) has a slope relative to the equipotential surface passing through Talara. A provisional meridional, sea‐level profile is discussed in terms of the magnitudes of the different kinds of measurement uncertainties.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490417709387962

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Electronic Surveying and Navigationby Simon H. Laurila (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1976), 545 pages, hardcover, $25.00.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490417709387963

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490417709387964

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490417709387956

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor