摘要:

The techniques for computing the eigenfunctions of the velocity potential (Proudman functions) set out in Sanchez et al. (1986) in relation to the Atlantic‐Indian Ocean are here applied to the Pacific Ocean, using a 6° × 6° grid of 510 points (455 points for the associated stream functions). Normal modes are computed from the first 150 Proudman functions and have natural periods from 43.9 hours downwards. Tidal syntheses are derived from these modes by direct application of the (frictionless) dynamic equations and by least‐squares fitting of Proudman functions to the dynamically interpolated tide‐gauge data of Schwiderski (1983). The modes contributing most energy to the principal harmonic tidal constituents are different in the two computations; their natural periods are typically in the range of 9–16 hours for semidiurnal, 14–43 hours for diurnal tides. The RMS of fit for Proudman functions is in all cases better than the corresponding value for the same number of spherical harmonics.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608809379579

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) has developed World Geodetic System (WGS) 1984, and starting from its earlier versions, viz., WGS 60, WGS 66, and WGS 72, the latest system is a state‐of‐the‐art, accurately defined, global reference frame. In its development, full advantage was derived from the advancement in theory, recent sophistication in computer technology, and the availability of new and more extensive data sets.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608809379580

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Gravity measurements at sea are considered to be made on the geoid. The free‐air anomalies are then determined by subtracting the theoretical gravity values predicted on a reference ellipsoid from the observed values. The gravity effect due to the height difference between the geoid and reference ellipsoid and the mass between them is known as the “indirect effect.”; The result of applying the indirect effect to surface ship‐derived gravity anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean demonstrates the importance of its inclusion for regional studies involving mantle processes.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608809379581

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper describes the development of and simulations with a regional scale sea ice dynamics model for obtaining short‐range, real‐time or near real‐time predictions of ice conditions for operational use. This model is an adaptation of the seasonal sea ice dynamic/thermodynamic model developed at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL). It consists of (1) a momentum equation that includes air‐to‐ice stress, water‐to‐ice stress, internal ice stress, Coriolis force, and the pressure gradient force due to tilt of the sea surface; (2) a constitutive law that relates ice stress to strain rate and ice strength; and (3) continuity equations for ice thickness and concentration. For treating internal ice stress, the model uses a viscous‐plastic constitutive law with plastic strength dependent on thickness and concentration. A finite difference numerical procedure is used for solving the equations.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608809379582

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

J. A. Fagerstrom,The Evolution of Reef Communities(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987), 600 pp.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608809379583

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608809379584

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608809379578

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor