摘要:

Modern needs for marine positioning in ocean current measurements include precise location and speed of surface ships and aircraft, location of free floating and anchored acoustic devices, satellite altimetry, and mapping of high altitude or orbital scanning radiometer imagery. Absolute location requirements range from 1 km to 10 km, depending on the application, but relative positioning not to exceed ± 3 m in 3 km, or 1:103, is necessary for several applications in the deep sea. Surface vessel drift velocities with a tl cm sec−1error maximum are required, and satellite altimetry slope measurements of 2.5 × 10−8is the minimum to achieve the same geostrophic velocity accuracy at latitudes of 10° or less. Location of picture elements from satellite measurements must be within one picture element diameter; picture elements range from 10 km for imagery from geostationary operational spacecraft to 25 m from an experimental synthetic aperature radar.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379383

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In order to analyze tide level around a narrow‐mouthed bay, a theoretical model was introduced. Two simple models, a square root model and a linearized model, were considered, as the tides in the bay were governed by the tide level difference on the outside and inside of the bay. An analytical solution for the linearized model was studied to provide a basic dynamical understanding. As an example of the application, Osaka Bay in Japan was studied. Tides in the bay at Osaka were estimated by referring to the tides observed at Wakayama, outside of the bay (Problem I). Inversely, estimated tides at Wakayama, referring to the observed tides at Osaka, were studied to find how close the agreement was with the observed tide at Wakayama (Problem II). The linearized model was also applied to the 1960 Chilean Tsunami. By using the model, a short‐range prediction of about one hour may be possible at the intrusion of a tsunami into Osaka Bay. The speculative model seems to give a physical understanding for the lowest mode of oscillations induced in Osaka Bay. A remark to be careful is made when the results are to be used for tsunami prediction.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379384

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Major tsunamis do not occur regularly, and this haphazard generation pattern is responsible for the scarcity of reliable tsunami wave data. Sophisticated electronic measuring devices have been developed and used, but the difficulties in predicting seismic events imply that most tsunami records are obtained from conventional tide gauges. These relatively crude instruments respond differently to tides, tsunamis, storm surges, etc., all of which are of interest to marine scientists. In this paper, the tide gauge response to two idealized tsunami forms is considered. These idealized forms represent a smooth transition from a quiescent surface into a sinusoidal wave, and also the arrival of a bore followed by the sinusoidal wave. The tide gauge response shows a transient response lasting for approximately one period, and then a quasi‐steady response. The amplitude and phase of the quasi‐steady response depend critically on the tide gauge geometry, while the transient response depends on the nature of the input.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379385

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The tides at Port Mansfield are so small (mean diurnal range of about 2 cm) that they are nearly lost in a noisy (meteorological) continuum. Nevertheless, a precise tidal analysis is necessary to provide the data for a determination of the elevation of mean high water, the boundary between private and state ownership in an oil‐producing area with a very flat terrain. Although response tidal analysis has been shown to be somewhat superior to classical harmonic analysis in various previous tests, no advantage is found in these circumstances of extremely low sighal‐to‐noise ratio.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379386

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Nisinosima‐Sin To is a volcanic island newly born in autumn 1973 at Lat. 27° 14.5'N, Long. 140° 52.5'E, about 1,000 km south of Tokyo. The Maritime Safety Agency of Japan pursued the processes of submarine eruption, growth of the new volcanic island, and its topographic change by means of aerophotogrammetry, etc. Nisinosima‐Sin To began its volcanic activity in April 1973, and grew from a submarine volcano to a volcanic island; it became inactive in May 1974. The volcanic island formed during this period covered an area of about 240,000 m2at the maximum stage, which is now decreased to about 190,000 m2due to marine erosion. The height above sea level of the crater, or the highest point of the new island, became lower by 15 m, namely from 53 m in August 1974 to to 38 m in November 1978.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379387

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Tsunami research has suffered considerably due to the lack of an objective magnitude scale. The Imamura‐Iida Grade Scale, although it has been used until now as a magnitude scale, is not objective, and it is more appropriate to call it a tsunami intensity scale. The tsunami magnitude scale proposed by Abe (1979) is also based on coastal tide gauge records, and this is not truly an objective magnitude scale. A new magnitude scale is proposed here, based on total tsunami energy, and it is demonstrated that this new scale will provide an adequate representation of the whole spectrum of tsunamis, starting from the negligible ones and including those that have devastated whole coastlines.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379388

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Barrier Islands from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexicoedited by Stephen P. Leatherman (New York: Academic Press, 1979), 325 pp. No price listed.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379389

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379390

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/15210608009379382

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor