摘要:

Abstract.In this article I attempt to do two things. First I consider in what sense it could be reasonable to talk of a ‘Balkan mentality’, shared across national divisions by all peoples in Southeastern Europe. I argue among other things that nationalism and its impact on culture and scholarship has been a major stumbling block for the conceptualisation of a shared ‘Balkan mentality’. Secondly, I go on to examine one possible context in which a shared mentality could be said to have existed among the Orthodox Christians in the Balkans. I suggest that such a context could be located in the pre‐nationalist Balkan society of the eighteenth century, a period in which the region was politically united by Ottoman rule. To illustrate the content of the mental outlook shared by the Balkan Orthodox in the eighteenth century I examine the autobiographical writings of three major authors, one writing in Greek (Caisarios Depontes), one in Bulgarian (Sofroni Vračanski) and one in Serbian (Matija Nenadović). I identify the shared mental elements reflected in their texts and point out how the transition to a national self‐conception taking place at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the Balkans, marked the end of this shared ‘Balkan mentality’. The study is thus an exploration in the ‘prehistory’, as it were, of nationalism in the Balkans, an exploration which also looks at the symbolic origins nationalism in the region as reflected in the texts of two

ISSN:1354-5078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This article examines the contribution of Louis Dumont to the study of German national ideology. In a series of essays over a ten‐year period in the 1980s Dumont aimed at providing a selective intellectual history of modern Germany, which in the final resort would account for the emergence of Nazi Germany. By focusing on factors such as the predominance of holism, the idea of universal sovereignty and the introverted individualism of the Reformation, Dumont believes that it is possible to uncover the dynamics of modernity in Germany. This development he contrasted with that of France, in which a non‐cultural definition of the nation prevailed and where holism was non‐dominant. The article concludes with a critique of Dumont's narrow version of intellectual history and with the suggestion that only a proper historical sociology of modern Germany can explain N

ISSN:1354-5078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Given the pressure exerted by Russia and the international alter focused on Estonia as a result, why did Estonia opt to deny citizenship to the maji of its Russian‐speaking population and to disenfranchise them at a time v decisions about the basic structure of the state were being made? Com explanations for radical policy towards other ethnic groups focus on histo animosity or changes in demographics. However, I argue that these explanations insufficient to explain the changes in Estonian policy over time. Instead I focus 01 political process, dividing the Estonian drive for independence into three stags discuss the increasing relaxation of the political constraints on outbidding to rai nationalists. The conclusion examines the impact of Estonia's policies on et relations and discusses the implications for domestic and international polic

ISSN:1354-5078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Language is often a central issue in nationalist ideologies. It is seen as a crucial element in the definition of people's identities, and it is often a battlefield for nationalist activities. An analysis of how language is conceptualised and made part of a particular nationalist struggle may yield insights into the ideological structure of this particular nationalism, and thus lead to more refined ways of distinguishing between various types of nationalisms. In this article, a comparison is made between language in Flemish nationalism and in Tanzanian post‐Ujamaa nationalism. In both cases, great emphasis is placed by the nation‐builders on the central role of language in attaining the nationalist goals. However, a comparison of both cases also yields significant differences. The Flemish view of language is predominantly ethnic. Dutch is seen as an inalienable marker of identity, shared with the Dutch people, and creating a fundamental difference with the Walloon Belgians. Also, language is closely associated with the territory on which it is being spoken, which yields a homogeneistic and assimilationist attitude towards speakers of other languages on Flemish temtory. In Tanzania, Swahili is seen as an instrument for attaining a socialist political‐ ideological hegemonisation of the state. Swahili is chosen not for cultural reasons, but because it allows for egalitarian, socialist connotations. Underlying both language ideologies are basic differences in the structure of nationalism in Flanders and Tanzania, Flanders being an example of ethnic nationalism and Tanzania an example of socialist state nation

ISSN:1354-5078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This article will address the assumption that the essential definition of nationalism is parliamentary political. By highlighting the solitary Scottish nationalist movement in the mid‐nineteenth century, the National Association for the Vindication of Scottish Rights, this article asks whether a ‘centralised’ state for the Scottish nation should be the model against which nationalism is interpreted. By developing the concept of ‘civil society’ as both ‘container’ and ‘director’ of nationalism, this article will show the influence of a ‘decentralised’ state to conceptions of ‘best‐governing’. By stressing the contradictions in the legitimacy of the British state mid‐century, it will be argued that Scottish nationalism can not be regarded as merely romantic, nor, as its outcome, can Scottish culture be presented as somehow weak. This article will argue that intellectual thought regarding the state meant that the only form of nationalism at this time was ‘Unionist‐nationalism’

ISSN:1354-5078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Despite widespread agreement that ethnic boundaries are malleable rather than fixed, theories of ethnicity and collective action have been unable to adequately explain why individuals choose to mobilise collectively within particular boundaries rather than others. The boundaries of groups engaging in ethnic collective action are always taken for granted at some level rather than problematised. This leads to an undesirable reification of ethnic groups as actors.The theory presented in this article integrates a social psychological view of motivation with a rational choice view of action to provide a systematic way of predicting the boundary location of ethnic groups that begin to mobilise in societies undergoing modernising structural change. It first focuses on the link between cooperation and altruism in small communities. It then predicts how altruistic preferences, in conjunction with structural factors and rational behaviour, will generate boundaries for larger‐scale ethnic collective action that transcends yet incorporates such communities. The theory's predictions are then applied to explain the location of group boundaries in four very prominent cases of ethnicity ‘creation’ and collective action in this ce

ISSN:1354-5078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviewed in this article:Anthony D. Smith,Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era.Charles A. Kupchan (ed.),Nationalism and Nationalities in the New Europe.Jyrki Livonen (ed.),The Future of the Nation State in Europe.Peter Collins (ed.),Nationalism and Unionism: Conflict in Ireland, 1885‐1921.James G. Carrier (ed.),Occidentalism: Images of the West.Omar Dehbour and Micheline R. Ishay (eds.),The Nationalism Reader.Juan Diez Medrano,Divided Nations: Class, Politics, and Nationalism in the Basque Country and Catalonia.Bernhard Giesen,Die Intellektuellen und die Nation. Eine deutsche Achesenzeit.Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner (eds.),Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Democracy.Peter Fitzpatrick (ed.),Nationalism, Racism and the Rule of Law.William R. Hutchison and Hartmut Lehmann (eds.),Many Are Chosen. Divine Election and Western Nationalism.Dawa Norbu,Culture and the Politics of Third World Nationalism.André Liebich and Daniel Warner with Jasna Dragovic (eds.),Citizenship East and West.Sukumar Periwal (ed.),Notions of Nationalism.Christopher Bennett,Yugoslavia's Bloody Collapse: Causes, Course and Consequences.Kenichi Ohmae,The End of the Nation‐State: the Rise of Regional Economics.Michel Cahen,Ethnicité politique. Pour une lecture réaliste de l'identité.Boas Evron,Jewish State or Israeli Nation.Florencia E. Mallon,Peasant and Nation: The Making of Postcolonial Mexico and Peru.Moses Hess,The Revival of Israel: Rome and Jerusalem, The Last Nationalist, Questions, History and Causes.Bernard Lazare,Antisemitism, Its History and Causes.Daiva Stasiulis and Nira Yuval‐Davis (eds.),Unsettling Settler

ISSN:1354-5078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1354-5078    

DOI:10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY