摘要:

The criteria of an ecological farm are discussed. These criteria are that it should be self-sustaining; diversified; show large net yields; cause neither ethical nor aesthetic concern; be economically viable; integrate wildlife conservation and forestry with production; require only moderate capital investment; and employ more people directly on the land. Criteria other than high yields with high inputs must be employed in animal and plant breeding. Cottage industry should be encouraged by using many of the plant products being processed on the farm. This paper discusses how the test case farm fulfilled these criteria over a ten-year period with quantitative results wherever they are available.

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1984.9754423

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A theoretical framework is developed for the incorporation of a secondary crop species with a principal crop species to form an intercrop. Specific attention is given to the situation in which the secondary crop acts to modify the environment of the first. The combination of competition and environmental modification creates a series of potential cropping systems which could be employed. The nature of the decision criterion used by the farmer in combination with the pattern of occurrence of the environmental factor then stipulates which of these potential systems will be optimal.

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1984.9754424

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The marketing and pricing of biological products compared to conventionally produced food was investigated in southern Germany. 42 farmers (14 conventional, 14 bio-dynamic, 14 organic- biological) were surveyed. Four alternative marketing channels were examined. In contrast to conventional farms direct-marketing plays a major role in biological farms.

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1984.9754425

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sewage sludge loading rates affect availability of plant nutrients and in turn plant growth, but published work on Ca, Mg, and K absorption by food crops from sludge amended soil is limited. To evaluate the absorption and distribution of the nutrients Ca, Mg and K by soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] from a sludge amended Enon sandy loam soil, an investigation was conducted in the greenhouse. The sludge rates were 0, 40, 80, and 120 Mgha−1dry basis. Soybeans of Bragg and Ransom cultivars were grown in pots to dry pod stage. There was a significant increase in bean yield by plants grown in sludge amended soil compared to control. During the full bloom stage leaves were collected for Ca, Mg, and K analysis. At dry pod stage, the seeds, podwalls and stems were sampled for the nutrient determination. There was an increase in absorption of Ca by leaves of both the cultivars under sludge treatment. Content of Ca in seeds and podwalls of the cultivars decreased significantly, whereas it was unaffected in stems. Ransom leaves and podwalls contained more Ca than did Bragg. As for seed and stem Ca, there was no significant difference between the cultivars. The content of Mg in seeds and podwalls decreased and there was no significant change in leaf and stem Mg of both the cultivars, with increased rate of sludge application. Bragg seeds and leaves had higher Mg contents than Ransom seeds and leaves. Ransom showed more Mg in stems as compared to Bragg stems. Potassium contents were unaffected in leaves and seeds of Bragg and Ransom by sludge amendment. Content of K decreased significantly in podwall and stem of Bragg, whereas it was unaffected in Ransom as the rate of sludge increased. The results show no significant difference in K distribution among various tissues between the two cultivars. The heavy metals in sludge influenced the absorption and distribution of Ca, Mg, and K in soybean tissues. There was no significant change in soil pH due to sludge amendment in this study.

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1984.9754426

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Currently there are no valid instruments which could fulfil the need for a method to routinely distinguish between natural, organic and conventional foods. The potential of a simple paper chromatographic method to distinguish between organically and conventionally grown food is discussed and the feasibility of unit operations for the distinction between “minimally” and “highly” processed food is examined. It is concluded to be very difficult to use unit operations as a basis for distinction because of the differences and the complexity in the number, kind, scale and intensity of unit operations involved in food processing.

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1984.9754427

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1984.9754428

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1984.9754429

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1984.9754430

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1984.9754431

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0144-8765    

DOI:10.1080/01448765.1984.9754422

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor