摘要:

We analyzed 22 eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma that underwent initial laser iridotomy to determine which factors could lead to subsequent trabeculectomy. Twenty-two eyes were divided into two groups: (1) the eyes in which intraocular pressure (IOP) could be controlled by iridotomy and/or topical medication (iridotomy success group, 15 eyes) and (2) the eyes that underwent trabeculectomy to control IOP in spite of a patent opening (iridotomy failure group, 7 eyes). The clinical variables between the two groups were analyzed. Age, sex, visual field defect, presenting IOP and cup/disk ratio were not significantly different between the iridotomy success and failure groups. However, presence of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) greater than 50% was found more frequently in the iridotomy failure group as compared with the iridotomy success group (4/7 vs. 1/15, p = 0.02). Dilated, miotic-resistant pupils were observed only in the iridotomy failure group (4/7 vs. 0/15, p = 0.004). PAS greater than 50% and dilated, fixed pupils were observed in these same cases (4 eyes). Our results suggest that laser iridotomy may not be helpful in cases with dilated and miotic-resistant pupils with formation of extensive PAS.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310790

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We assessed the day-to-day reproducible of vitreous fluorophotometry in 7 type 1 diabetic patients and in 1 healthy control subject. The coefficient of variation for duplicate measurements was 33.7,40.3 and 23.6%, for the right eyes, the left eyes and mean values of both eyes, respectively. Assessment of reproducibility in 1 healthy subject, measured 4 times, resulted in coefficients of variation of about 60%. These values are somewhat worse than those obtained by others in healthy subjects. Since technical problems do not seem to play a significant role in this regard, our reproducibility results reflect the true biological variability of the permeability of the blood-retina barrier assessed by vitreous fluorophotometry in diabetic patients. This variability is substantial. Therefore, we conclude that this method is not precise enough to be used in intervention studies with a limited number of subjects.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310791

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Contrast sensitivity in 64 patients aged from 50 to 69 years with an intraocular lens (IOL) was studied. There were 23 eyes with a silicone and 31 eyes with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOL. Ten patients had a silicone IOL in one eye and a PMMA IOL in the other. Contrast sensitivity was examined with the Vistech far vision VCTS 6500 test. The contrast sensitivity test results in silicone and PMMA IOL eyes were in all cpd (cycles per degree) lines significantly worse than in normal eyes except in the 60-year-old group in the 18-cpd line. The contrast sensitivity test results were in all cpd lines better in the silicone IOL eyes than in the PMMA IOL eyes, but it reached significance only in the 3-cpd line. In the 10 patients with the silicone lens in one and the PMMA lens in the other eye, the test results were also better in the silicone IOL eye; it also reached significance only in the 3-cpd line.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310792

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Aims: To investigate the clinical course of vitrectomized patients with recurrent diabetic vitreous hemorrhage who were treated by revitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) as a hemostyptic tamponade. Patients and Methods: Fifteen patients with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage due to proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy were included in this retrospective study. All eyes had had at least one vitrectomy prior to use of SO and the retina was completely attached at any time before revitrectomy with SO instillation. Thirteen patients had a blind fellow eye. There were 6 males and 9 females (mean age 62.7 years, range 45–76 years). The mean duration of SO tamponade was 25.8 months (range 9–35 months). The average follow-up period was 30.4 months (range 20–48 months). Results: Ten out of 15 eyes (66.6%) improved postoperatively, 9 eyes had a visual acuity of ≥0.02 at the latest follow-up visit. Secondary glaucoma occurred in 4 eyes, leading to phthisis in 1 eye. All 5 phakic eyes developed a cataract. Conclusion:A revitrectomy combined with a long-term hemostyptic SO tamponade offers a chance for restoration of useful visual acuity in diabetic eyes with persistent vitreous hemorrhage that fails to subside after cryocoagulation and vitrectomy without tamponade. Because of possible visual loss from secondary glaucoma related to intraocular SO, this treatment should mainly be considered in patients with a blind fellow eye.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310793

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We investigated the role of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The IL-8 level in the vitreous and the blood of 20 patients with PVR was measured by a specific enzyme-linked immunoassay method. Vitreous from cadaver eyes (n = 20) was used as the control. The IL-8 level in the vitreous was between 31.3 and 65 pg/ml in 40% of eyes with PVR. IL-8 was detected neither in the blood of the patients with PVR nor in the vitreous from cadaver eyes. IL-8 levels in the vitreous did not correlate with either the grade of PVR or the duration of symptoms. These results suggest that IL-8 may play a role in the pathogenesis of PVR.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310794

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aqueous humor and the vitreous not only maintain integrity of the eye but also play a vital role in providing nutrients to ocular tissues. While the presence of epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) have been confirmed in human aqueous humor, only TGF-β has been found to exist in human vitreous. In this study I obtained eyes for keratoplasty from 20 male and 20 female donors, or a total of 40 subjects; upon removing the corneal button, I extracted 500 μ1 of the vitreous humor in order to confirm, using the ELISA method, the presence of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the vitreous. TGF-α ranging from 78 to 250 pg/ml, or an average of 130.65 ± 40.89 pg/ml, was found in all eyes. On the other hand, EGF was not confirmed in all eyes. This is the first study to confirm the presence of TGF-α in the human vitreous.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310795

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the penetration into the aqueous humor of cefuroxime after a single oral dose as cefuroxime axetil. Fourteen patients scheduled for cataract extraction received a single oral dose of cefuroxime axetil corresponding to 500 mg of cefuroxime 2–8 h preoperatively. Aqueous humor samples were obtained at the beginning of the cataract surgery and blood samples were drawn at the time of anesthesia. Cefuroxime levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The aqueous levels were (mean ± SEM) 0.48 ± 0.13 μg/ml from 3 to 8 h after administration. Serum levels averaged 3.80 ± 0.58 μg/ml. These data indicate that detectable levels of cefuroxime, exceeding the MIC of some bacterial species that frequently cause intraocular infections, may be achieved in uninflamed eyes after a low dose of cefuroxime axetil.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310796

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to vancomycin (VC) is excellent, but excessive dosing of VC leads to severe side effects. In this study, we present a way of administration planning for each patient based on personal data. To this end, we employed the Sawchuck-Zaske equation to calculate VC clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vd) on the basis of three different plasma concentrations of VC, and we used CL and Vd values as prior information before employing the parameter estimation and dosage adjustment program to treat a patient with postsurgical endophthalmitis caused by MRSA and a patient with acute dacryocystitis also caused by MRSA. They had good remissions without any severe side effects.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310797

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report a patient with pseudotumor with cystoid macular edema (CME). The initial finding in our case was only CME with a bilateral visual acuity decrease to 20/25. Approximately 3 months later, the visual acuity dropped to light perception in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. Computed tomography scan revealed a mass in the right orbital apex and band-shaped enhancement in the cavernous sinus and along the upper margin of the petrous bone. However, no mass was found intraoperatively, and a biopsy specimen of the bulging levator muscle showed polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. The CME resolved postoperatively. The tumor also seemed to resolve; however, after 1 year, the tumor recurred and invaded the brain tissue. A temporal lobectomy revealed widespread inflammatory cell infiltration. To ensure early diagnosis, pseudotumor should be considered in patients with CME of which the cause is uncertain.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310798

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the change in visual acuity and refraction taking place in eyes with progressing early lens opacities. Four hundred and ten hypercholesterolemic men in Eastern Finland who participated in the Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study were followed up for 3 years. Lens opacities were graded using the lens opacity classification system II (LOCS II). The change of visual acuity and refractive error from baseline to a 36-month examination was compared for different types of lens opacities. During the 3-year period, progression in the LOCS II was observed in 9.2% of the eyes for nuclear, in 4.8% for cortical and in 0.5% of the eyes for posterior subcapsular opacities. Increasing nuclear sclerosis reduced visual acuity statistically significantly both with and without correction. Hypermetropization was seen to continue in eyes with no lens opacity progression. Myopization was more common in eyes with lens opacity progression, although this was not statistically significant.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310799

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger