摘要:

Previous studies demonstrated that the (+) isomer of aceclidine has a stronger cholinergic effect than pilocarpine or the racemic mixture of aceclidine. The effect of aceclidine(+) and pilocarpine on the intraocular pressure and the sphincter pupillae in patients suffering from open angle glaucoma, and on the accommodation in normal young subjects, was studied. The results demonstrated a similar effect of both drugs. The discrepancy between the cholinergic potential of the drugs and their effect in the eye is discussed.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000308972

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Color change of the plaice and frog, and development of the testes in duck are induced by light stimuli via the eye. Eliminating experiences on the frog (Hollwich) and on the duck (Benoit) showed that these stimuli – beside vision – use a separate way, the so-called ‘energetic portion’ of the visual pathway (Hollwich). In compared studies on blind and on temporarily blind patients involved by cataract in both eyes, we found significant low levels of ACTH and cortisol. The levels normalized after cataract extraction. – Furthermore, we studied the influence of strong artificial illumination (3,500 and 3,200 lx) on healthy persons with considerable and, on the other hand, with minimal difference of their spectral composition to daylight. We found stress-like levels of ACTH and cortisol in the first group. These findings explain the agitated mental and physical behavior of children staying the whole day in school under artificial illumination with strong spectral deviation from daylight. Therefore, to avoid mental and physical alterations, the spectrum of artificial illumination should be largely similar to that of natural light.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000308973

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of topical anaesthetic ointments (4% cocaine, 4% xylocaine, 0.5% proparacaine, 0.2% oxybuprocaine) on the corneal epithelium of rabbits was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Even after a single application, the more toxic effect of cocaine compared to the other topical anaesthetics was evident. Cocaine caused disruption of both the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm. After a single application, the other preparations caused a marked decrease in the microvilli and microphcae, disruption of the intercellular spaces and the prominence of the cell nucleus which under normal condition is not visible. Repeated applications caused regular cell desquamation and damage to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. The damage also affected several cell layers. The cell reactions described are clearly a consequence of the topical anaesthetics, as the ointment base itself produced no essential cell damage. The scanning electron microscope findings were supported by results from the transmission electron microscope.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000308974

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

As part of a bio-engineering approach to study myopia, a structural model of the eye is proposed. The model is based on structural laws as employed by civil engineers, and on mechanical properties of the sclera and vitreous previously analyzed by the authors. The described structural behavior relates many loose clinical observations and indicates that progressive myopia should be considered a mechanical problem due to an abnormal vitreous pressure rather than an optics problem. From this bio-engineering approach, vitrectomy is suggested as the appropriate solution.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000308975

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

As part of the bio-engineering approach to study myopia and also as a complement to the bio-structural model of the eye presented by the authors, an analog for the study of internal forces is analyzed. The behavior of the model indicates not only that the forces involved in the development of progressive myopia, but those of pre- and post-trabecular glaucomas could be studied and related with such an analog model, supporting the author’s feelings that many medical problems could be successfully explained by engineering methods and techniques.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000308976

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

43 clinically euthyroid patients with unilateral exophthalmos were examined using clinical methods, echography, and computerized tomography. The functioning of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis was investigated by measurements of TSH (before and after stimulation with TRH), thyroid hormones and antithyroglobulin antibodies. After a review of the literature, the results are discussed.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000308977

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Report of a 71-year-old woman with acute closed-angle glaucoma. Echography shows an intraocular tumor of the choroid, and the histological diagnosis is necrotic malignant melanoma of the choroid. The clinical, echographical and histological findings are discussed.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000308978

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cataract extraction and iris clip lens implantation in an 88-year-old woman were followed by hyphaema, anterior uveitis and organised exudates around the implant. The globe was enucleated after 15 months due to pain and a poor visual prognosis. Sections showed an epithelial downgrowth into part of the anterior chamber, associated with a fibrous membrane which had surrounded part of one loop of the implant. Atrophy of the iris, adenomatous changes in a ciliary process and an after-cataractous ring were noted. Inflammatory changes were present in the uvea, associated posteriorly with degenerative choroido-retinitis, probably of arteriosclerotic origin. The nylon loops of the implant showed areas of biodegradation and were partly fibrosed in. The possible relationship of the various changes is discussed.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000308979

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A case of the cryptophthalmos syndrome is presented, showing bilateral absence of separate eyelids and of the palpebral fissure, the facial skin being continuous over both eyes. Low set ears, marked syndactylies, absence of the urinary tract and external genital hypertrophy were noted, while laryngeal atresia allowed a survival of 5 min only at birth. Histopathological study showed the absence of the conjunctiva, and the ectopic lens surrounded by coarse connective tissue in both eyes. The eyes showed a single chamber: no normal corneal elements, iris or anterior chamber were identifiable and the ciliary body was abnormal. An excessive vascularisation of the peripheral retina and a subretinal deposit of lenticular bladder cells were additional features. The karyotype was that of a normal female.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000308980

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger