摘要:

Ocular pulse amplitude (PA) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) were studied in 80 eyes from 80 subjects with a refractive error between +3.00 and ––28.00 dpt using the Langham Ocular Blood Flow System. PA and POBF were correlated with axial length and refractive error using linear regression analysis. A significant correlation (p < 0.001) was found between PA and axial lenght (r = ––0.787), PA and refractive error (r = 0.775), POBF and axial length (r = ––0.655) and POBF and refractive error (r = 0.650). Myopic eyes were further divided into subgroups according to axial length, refractive error and fundus oculi characteristics. Each subgroup exhibited a significant reduction in PA (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. POBF reduction was significant in every subgroup except the subgroup with a refractive error lower than 6 dpt and the subgroup with an axial length shorter than 26 mm.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310807

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of noncontact holmium:yttrium aluminium garnet laser thermal keratoplasty (Ho: YAG LTK) for correction of low to moderate hyperopia. Methods: We performed noncontact Ho:YAG LTK on 1 eye each of 28 patients for correction of hyperopia up to +3.88 dpt. Treatments were conducted with 1 or 2 symmetrical octagonal rings of 8 spots/ring with centerline diameters of 6 mm (1 ring) or 6 and 7 mm (2 rings), 10 pulses of laser light at 5 Hz pulse repetition frequency, variable pulse energy in the range of 208-242 mJ and a nominal spot diameter between 615 and 623 µm. Results: At 18 months after surgery, 20 of 22 (91%) treated patient eyes had improved uncorrected distance visual acuity The mean change in subjective manifest refraction (spherical equivalent) was ––0.52 ± 0.35 dpt and ––1.41 ± 0.53 dpt for 1- and 2-ring treatment groups, respectively, with good stability in the refractive change after 6 months. The mean induced refractive astigmatism was small (0.30 ± 0.37 dpt/0.25 ± 0.29 dpt for 1-/2-ring treatments). None of the eyes lost 2 or more lines of spectacle-corrected distance visual acuity. There were no clinically significant changes in glare and contrast sensitivity. Conclusions: Noncontact LTK treatment of low hyperopia is safe and effective, and it is more stable and less prone to induce astigmatism than previously reported contact mode LT

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310808

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

State-of-the-art subretinal surgery involves a standard three-port pars plana entry, followed by an iatrogenic retinotomy to access the subretinal space. Subretinal manipulations through a small retinotomy are made possible by specially designed instruments. As the surgeon looks through the vitreous cavity, all subretinal maneuvers are obscured by the overlying retina. Consequently, the surgeon is operating ‘bindly’ and has to rely on ‘feeling’ rather than direct visualization. Micro-endoscopic viewing systems are the ideal solution for visualization during subretinal surgery. Until now, such endoscopes were either too large for intraocular use or lacked sufficient resolution, especially at a short working distance. Recently, a gradient index (GRIN) endoscope was developed (Insight Instruments, Inc., Lake Mary, Fla., USA) combining a small diameter (0.89 mm, 20 gauge) and incorporating excellent optical resolution, even at extremely close working distances. After ballooning a limited part of the retina without creating a retinal hole, the 20-gauge GRIN endoscope can be introduced into the subretinal space through the sclera and choroid, posterior to the pars plana. Surgical instruments can then be introduced into the subretinal space through a second neighboring sclerotomy. Thus, subretinal surgery can be performed under direct endoscopic control. As a result of direct visualization, the surgeon may perform certain surgical procedures with greater accuracy, i.e., subretinal neovascular membranes may be dissected meticulously from the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium, minimizing damage to both structures. The feeding choroidal vessel can be identified and directly coagulated, which is usually very difficult during conventional subretinal surgery. Endoscopic subretinal surgery is thus a significant improvement over conventional methods, avoiding the need for a retinotomy and increasing the safety and facility of the surgery

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310809

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We prospectively surveyed the incidence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) at the glaucoma clinic of Hiroshima University between 1986 and 1991. Among 433 glaucoma patients, 18 (4.2%) subsequently presented with RVO, 9 had central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 9 exhibited branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Seven of 87 (8.1%) patients with primary angle closure glaucoma exhibited RVO, showing the highest incidence among glaucoma types. The incidence of RVO detected by the general outpatient clinic was 0.59% during the same period. The BRVO/CRVO ratio in the glaucoma clinic was 1.0, while it was 4.3 in the general outpatient clinic. Glaucoma is an important risk factor for the development of RVO, especially CRVO.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310810

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

During the past decade the demand for outpatient surgery has grown rapidly. Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the more common undesirable consequences of surgery, which may significantly delay the patient’s discharge from the ambulatory surgery center. None of the currently used antiemetic drugs is considered totally effective in abolishing nausea or vomiting. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of ondansetron, a highly selective 5-hydroxy-tryptamine subtype-3 receptor antagonist, with that of metoclopramide for the prevention of postoperative emesis in patients undergoing cataract surgery. The incidence of postoperative nausea was significantly less in the ondansetron group than that in the metoclopramide group (p = 0.046). Although the incidence of vomiting was clinically less frequent in the ondansetron group, there were no significant differences between both treatment groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that ondansetron is effective to prevent postoperative emesis after extracapsular cataract extractio

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310811

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Exposure to tobacco smoke can cause irritation of the conjunctiva. We conducted this study to identify the effect of tobacco on rat conjunctiva. Animals were divided into experimental and control groups and we exposed the experimental group to tobacco smoke. Control group rats inhaled only room air. Spectrophotometric analysis of the smoke-air mixture revealed that many toxic substances were present in this compound. We found very high levels of plasma thiocyanate after exposure to smoke in experimental group animals but no increase in the control group. So, this data indicates that these animals inhaled smoke effectively in our method. After 3 months conjunctivas were examined by light and electron microscopy. In the experimental group, conjunctivas were thinned, atrophied and microvillous projections and desmosomal connections were absent in comparison with the control conjunctivas. This pathologic change is very similar to conjunctival response to chronic irritants of any type.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310812

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Angiotensinogen (ANG) is present in the eye. However, the source has not been determined. We showed that ANG mRNA was present in several ocular tissues using RT-PCR with ANG-specifíc primers. One of 10 iris samples (10%), 1 of 10 ciliary body samples (10%), 3 of 10 choroid samples (30%) and 9 of 10 retina samples (90%) were positive for ANG. Our study provides the first direct evidence that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) component ANG is synthesized locally in the eye, especially the retina and choroid portion. These are strategic locations for an ocular RAS to influence chorioretinal blood flow, raising the possibility that RAS alterations may be involved in chorioretinal vascular disease.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310813

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Leprosy is rarely diagnosed in our part of the world. In our 26-year-old patient, borderline lepromatous leprosy was first diagnosed in 1992 and was treated with Rifoldin®, Lemprene® and Dapson® according to the standard WHO sheme of treatment. Ophthalmic examination showed minor epithelial lesions of the cornea in both eyes, a reduced corneal reflex in the left eye and a scleral leproma nasally and close to the limbus, also in the left eye. In 1995, the patient was examined again and was treated as above for lepromata of the left eyebrow nasally and of both lower legs. Ophthalmic examination revealed conjunctival irritation, anterior uveitis with leprosy pearls on the pupillary margin and secondary glaucoma. The glaucoma was treated with hypotonics, the uveitis was treated with topical cortisone. The intra-ocular pressure normalised and the uveitis improved. Of the two main types of leprosy, lepromatous leprosy and tuberculoid leprosy, our patient had the second, milder form.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310814

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An 84-year-old Japanese woman had cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) due to abdominal wall abscess. The diagnosis was delayed because abdominal wall abscess is an unfamiliar cause of CST, but a definite diagnosis was reached with the use of magnetic resonance imaging. We started intravenous antibiotic therapy against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and the patient responded well, although the diagnosis was delayed.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310815

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Postsurgical or spontaneous iris cyst is a rare finding. Unfortunately, all treatments are complicated and the results may be disappointing. We report a case of postsurgical iris cyst treated by sector iridectomy with satisfactory recovery of visual acuity.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310816

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger