摘要:

Ocular complications are frequent in chronic renal failure patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and in renal allograft recipients. Headache, nausea and fatigue sometimes develop in combination with a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). We did not find statistically significant differences in IOP before and after HD. There was no correlation between changes in IOP during HD and the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure or decrease in body weight. No patient had borderline or elevated IOP following HD. Due to improved dialytic techniques a significant rise in IOP during HD rarely occurs anymore.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310821

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Although we recently compared blood pressure (BP) changes during cataract surgery between groups that received topical and retrobulbar block anesthesia, a study has not been conducted in which patients were matched for age and sex. To draw more meaningful conclusions, we conducted a age- and sex-matched study in which the daily, pre- and postoperative blood pressures of 1,398 cataract patients were compared. All surgeries were performed using the same method of phacoemulsification and aspiration with intraocular lens implantation under local anesthesia. The postoperative BPs of the retrobulbar injection group decreased significantly more than the topical application group. Even when the patients were hypertensive, the postoperative BPs decreased. Following retrobulbar block anesthesia, the BP decreased postoperatively to a greater extent than after topical anesthesia.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310822

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors report postoperative change in pupil diameter and pupil dynamics after phaco-emulsification-aspiration and intra-ocular lens implantation by comparing the operated eye and non-operated eye in 20 patients who received unilateral surgery. Miosis was noted in the operated eye throughout the postoperative period in the dark, and also in the light at an early stage after the operation. Both the maximal constriction velocity and maximal dilatation velocity of the light reflex decreased postoperatively, but the constriction velocity alone was accelerated 1 or 2 weeks after the operation. In the drug instillation test, pupillary responses to both neosynephrine and pilocarpine were decreased, indicating damage both to the dilator and sphincter muscles. Since no hypersensitivity of the pupil was noted, lesions in the axonal fibres and denervation were judged to be absent. Postoperative miosis is believed to be explained by irreversible damage to the dilator muscle, as well as by the transient effects of inflammatory substances.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310823

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Nerve Fiber Analyzer, a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, was used to measure the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) in a glaucoma population. The authors studied the correlation between NFL thickness and the perimetric defects. The NFL was found to be statistically thinner in comparison to a normal control group of subjects. The correlation between the perimetric index MD and the NFA was statistically significant only for the lower quadrant of retinal NFL. The correspondence between thinner NFL and perimetric defects was investigated.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310824

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To determine the accuracy of non-contact tonometry in patients with corneas thinned by photorefractive keratectomy, the authors measured the intraocular pressure with a non-contact tonometer and the corneal thickness with an ultrasonic pachymeter in 47 patients before and 9 months after photorefractive keratectomy. The patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of treatment: group I between 1 and 5 diopters (14 eyes), group II between 6 and 10 diopters (18 eyes), group III between 11 and 15 diopters (15 eyes). In the first group of patients mean intraocular pressure was 16.1 ( ± 3.85) mm Hg before surgery, and 13.2 ( ± 3.14) mm Hg after surgery with a significant difference (p = 0.0027). In the second group of patients mean intraocular pressure was 16.0 ( ± 4.13) mm Hg before surgery and 13.0 ( ± 3.0) mm Hg after surgery with a significant difference (p = 0.0045). In the third group of patients mean intraocular pressure was 17.7 ( ± 3.8) mm Hg before surgery and 12.4 ( ± 2.6) mm Hg after surgery, with a significant difference (p = 0.0005). In conclusion, according to our results, non-contact tonometry needs a correcting factor for measuring the intraocular pressure in patients that underwent photorefractive keratectomy, related to the degree of refractive trea

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310825

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Background: Fluoropyrimidines may be effective in preventing proliferative vitreoretinopathy after repair of complicated retinal detachments. Liposome encapsulation of these antiproliferative drugs may extend the intravitreal half-life and increase their efficacy. Methods: The current study evaluated the pharma-cokinetic behavior of intravitreally injected 5-fluorouridine (5-FUR), free and encapsulated in liposomes, either conventionally or coated with collagen into 25 New Zealand rabbits. Additionally, we investigated the retinal toxicity of intravitreal injections of 100, 250 and 500 µg as well as 1 mg 5-FUR as free drug or encapsulated in liposomes in the rabbit eye. Results: The half-life of free 5-FUR after liposome injection into the vitreous cavity was 18.17+2.43 h, considerably longer than the half-life of free 5-FUR (0.82 h). Electrophysiologic tests did not show any changes in latency and a-wave amplitude and minimal changes in the b-wave amplitude. Histopathologic studies revealed integrity of the inner limiting membrane, and mild vacuolization in the outer retina. Conclusion: Encapsulation of 5-FUR within liposomes markedly increases its intravitreal half-life. Our study suggests that liposome-encapsulated 5-FUR is not toxic to the retina even at doses of 1 mg

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310826

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Specimens of 24 enucleated eyes from patients with retinoblastomas in situ were examined by labelled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method to ascertain the distribution of S-100 protein and compared with 28 normal developing eyes. Polyclonal anti-S-100 antiserum and monoclonal α and β chain anti-S-100 antibodies were used in this study. In the normal retina a weak reaction was observed in astrocytes and ganglion cells at 24 gestational weeks (GW) and there was an increase in the intensity of staining with increasing age. In the morphologically normal retina with retinoblastoma, astrocytes, ganglion cells and Müller cells showed positive reactions for S-100 protein. Examined tumors showed S-100 protein-positive glial cells that were interpreted as reactive astrocytes. No reaction product was detected in the tumor cells. These findings support the concept that in the retinoblastoma, only glial cells are positive for S-100 protein.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310827

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A placebo-controlled, prospective study was undertaken to determine whether apraclonidine has an additive effect in eyes treated with timolol and pilocarpine. Twelve patients with primary open-angle glaucoma while on continuing therapy with timolol 0.5% twice daily and pilocarpine 4% four times a day in both eyes for 3 months were included in the study. A single drop of apraclonidine 1% or placebo was added to treatment with timolol and pilocarpine. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured on both days before a single drop of test medications in both eyes as well as 2,4,6, 8 and 12 h later. The fall in IOP with apraclonidine was significantly greater than with placebo at all time intervals (p < 0.05). This study suggests that apraclonidine provides an additive IOP-lowering effect to timolol and pilocarpine for at least 12 h after single-drop applications.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310828

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Vitamin A is known to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of corneal epithelial cells and preserved conjunctival goblet cells and has been used in the treatment of disease of the eye such as dry eye and superior limbic keratocon-junctivitis for some time. This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the efficacy of retinol palmitate aqueous ophthalmic solution under development for the treatment of dry eye failing to respond to the conventional therapy with artificial tears or cornea-protective drugs. Retinol palmitate ophthalmic solution was applied repeatedly for 4 consecutive weeks. Before and after instillation therapy, brush cytology (Cytobrush-S®) was performed and cytodiagnosis was made for keratinized cells, nonkeratinized cells, goblet cells and inflammatory cells on samples prepared using an automated smear apparatus (ThinPrep®). In dry eye, an increase in goblet cells (1.3 ± 2.6→2.1 ± 1.8 cells/slides), a decrease in keratinized cells (11.2 ± 16.5→5.2 ± 10.9 cells/300 cells) and, hence, an increase in nonkeratinized cells (287.3 ± 16.6→293.4 ± 11.4/300 cells) were found after treatment with retinol palmitate. As to inflammatory cells, there was no change from the pretreatment baseline (1.4 ± 1.4→1.4 ± 1.3 cells/300 cells). These results demonstrate that brush cytology suggests the efficacy of retinol palmitate ophthalmic solution in dry eye treatment.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310829

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report a case of metastatic eyelid and orbital carcinoma in a postmenopausal woman 8 years after mastectomy for cancer. MRI scan T1-weighted images with fat suppression revealed an intraconal lesion surrounding the left optic nerve in addition to the left lid tumor. Excision biopsy demonstrated tumor cells in an Indian file pattern. We diagnosed metastasis of breast carcinoma to the eyelid and orbit. Therapy with tamoxifen reduced eyelid and orbital metastases of carcinoma of the breast. Metastatic breast carcinoma should be listed as one of the causes of lesions of the eyelids.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310831

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger