摘要:

We examined refractions of 102 eyes in 51 Japanese children after the topical instillation of cycloplegics. Cyclopentolate 1% was instilled 3 times after 5-min intervals, and refractions were evaluated 45 min after the last instillation. Atropine, 0.5% or 1%, was instilled twice daily for 7 days. Refractions were measured by an autorefractometer. The mean refraction in 102 eyes measured after atropine instillation was +3.07 dpt, and the mean after cyclopentolate instillation was +2.35 dpt. The mean difference in the direction of meridians of maximal refractions measured after atropine and cyclopentolate was 22°. Our findings showed that atropine instillation may be adequate to determine exact refractions in Japanese children.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310758

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Background: Standardized A and B scan echography were used to look for the possible presence of ciliochoroidal detachment in patients with flat anterior chamber following glaucoma filtering surgery. For this purpose, a scleral shell filled with saline solution was inserted between the lids. As a deepening of the anterior chamber was found in some patients, we planned to utilize these devices for the treatment of flat anterior chambers after glaucoma filtering surgery. Methods: 16 patients with flat anterior chambers after glaucoma filtering surgery underwent the insertion of a scleral shell filled with saline solution between the lids. The shell was left in place for 15 min. Results: In all of our patients a deepening of the anterior chamber was achieved. In 5 patients 1 application, in 6 patients 2 applications, in 4 patients 3 applications were needed. Conclusions: The advantages of using this procedures are: the procedure is quick; it does not disturb the corneal epithelium; it is cheap; it does not require suturing the conjunctiva; it can be part of the examination of the anterior segment with echography to look for any ciliary body detachment.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310759

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The optic nerve head in severely myopic eyes may be particularly vulnerable to glaucomatous damage. To study this hypothesis, we examined 122 primary open-angle glaucoma eyes with fair to good control of the intraocular pressure and a sign of baseline optic nerve damage. Then, parameters for the progression of the visual field defects were evaluated by multivariate analysis. A high mean intraocular pressure (p = 0.007) and a large refractive error (p = 0.023) were significant risk factors for subsequent visual field loss. A high baseline cup-to-disk ratio (p = 0.100) was a marginal risk factor. Nonsignificant parameters included patient age (p = 0.692), the use of β-adrenergic antagonists (p = 0.384), gender (p = 0.831) and left versus right side (p = 0.977). When the refractive error was used to subclassify patients into severely myopic (≤––4 dpt), mildly myopic (––0.25 to ––4 dpt), or emmetropic and hyperopic (≧ 0 dpt), only severe myopia was a significant risk factor for progressive visual field loss. Severe myopia, but not mild myopia, is a significant risk factor for subsequent visual field loss in patients with primary ope

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310760

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors report their experience in the combined surgery, for glaucoma and cataract, by using the Crozafon-De Laage punch. 24 patients affected by open-angle glaucoma and cataract have been enrolled in the study. 12 underwent a combined operation of phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy according to Cairns, and 12 underwent phacoemulsification and protective filtering surgery executed with the Crozafon-De Laage punch. Comparing the two methods we noted as advantage of the punch its easiness of use, through the sclerocorneal tunnel of the phacoemulsification, to create a filtering fistula; this shortened the duration of surgery. As a disadvantage of punch use we noted a lower filtering gradability as opposed to Cairns’ trabeculectom

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310761

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Background: Examination of surface-bound heparin on synthetic polymers can only be performed by few staining methods. These methods are limited by an only approximate detection of heparin visible at high magnification. Other methods only measure heparin quantitatively (per square dimension) and are rather sensitive to artifacts. Due to its homogeneous staining pattern, the modified toluidine blue staining technique, using a non-protein-based substance, allows examination and analysis of the homogeneity of the monomolecular heparin layer even under critical conditions like scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: For critical examination of the heparin layer, this method was used for 5 sterile heparin surface-modified (HSM) monofocal (Pharmacia, 809C, 5 mm optical zone), 2 multifocal PMMA (Pharmacia, 81 IE, 6 mm optical zone) and 1 standard PMMA intraocular lenses (IOLs; Pharmacia, 809P, 5 mm optical zone). A special mixture containing a sodium borate buffer was used to avoid cross-reactions of toluidine with phenylimines, which permit a covalent surface linkage of heparin to synthetic polymeric materials via reductive amination. This resulted in less coarse-grained complex agglutination. After light and spectral microscopy of the surface of stained IOLs, scanning electron microscopy was performed to investigate the reliability and validity of this modified staining method. Results: All HSM IOLs showed a homogeneous heparin structure and coating, which could be demonstrated even under critical photographic circumstances. Conclusions: The modification of the original toluidine blue staining method introduced by Jaques in 1943 is a reliable and reproducible technique for the detailed in vitro analysis of surface-bound heparin with a low artifact rate. Because of the detailed detection of heparin on polymeric surfaces, this staining method is recommended for special problems, e.g. in cataract surgery.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310762

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We evaluated the pre- and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) levels of 498 patients, to determine whether IOPs are affected over a 10-year period. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon using phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation. The mean preoperative IOP was 12.2 ± 4.0 mm Hg, and the mean postoperative IOPs were not affected for 10 years. However, when the preoperative IOP was over 20 mm Hg, a significant decrease was achieved without glaucoma surgery When the preoperative IOP was under 10 mm Hg, the IOP significantly increased. PEA with implantation of a PCIOL provides an excellent chance for improved intraocular tension control, providing that the surgery is properly performed.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310763

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study investigates the T lymphocyte role in the production of the specific immunosuppressive environment that occupies the anterior segment of the eye. Aqueous and peripheral venous blood samples were taken from 23 patients who were operated because of senile cataract. In all samples, T helper/T suppressor ratios were established and differences between aqueous and blood samples were investigated by t statistic and Mann-Whitney U test. We found significantly more T suppressor cell activity in aqueous humor than in peripheral blood (p < 0.05). We think that high T suppressor concentration in aqueous humor plays an important role in the induction of the immunosuppressive microenvironment that occupies the anterior chamber of the eye.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310764

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Between 1981 and 1994, the detection of specific antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii was performed simultaneously in serum and aqueous humor from 90 patients, and the Witmer-Desmonts coefficient measuring the relative concentration of antibodies produced locally was calculated to confirm the clinical diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Thirty-seven results were positive (41.1%), 12 uncertain (13.3%) and 41 negative (45.6%). These results are compared with the data obtained by the polymerase chain reaction for the genomic detection of an infectious agent in the aqueous humor that have recently been published.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310765

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this study, the late secondary changes of the eye in long-standing, untreated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were examined. The most common complications were cataract (61.1%), strabismus (45.5%), toxic uveitis (27.3%) and development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (100.0%). Complete loss of vision was found in all cases. Maximal visual acuity was hand motion, but only in 9.1% of cases. In the late follow-up period of untreated RRD, anatomic changes of the eye, permanent loss of vision and esthetic defects will appear.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310766

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The trabeculectomy procedure was modified with the introduction of the Kelly Descemet membrane punch. Using this punch, a few limbal tissue sections (0.25 ×0.30 mm) were easily excised from beneath the scleral flap base. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used. Among the 100 most recent operations in which this punch was used, no patients developed severe shallow anterior chambers over ten days. Because MMC is so effective and active for a long period, small excision surgery using this punch should be reconsidered.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310767

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger