摘要:

The arrangement of the collagen fibrils of the human sclera was analyzed in the region of the limbus corneae, the corneoscleral trabeculum, at the zone of muscle insertion and at defined areas of the internal and external surface of the sclera. Adult eyes with no apparent pathological alterations and the sclera of a patient with staphyloma were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The investigations were performed to describe regularities in the collagen architecture in normal and pathologically altered eyes to understand pathomorphologic and pathophysiologic changes in scleral diseases.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310693

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The arrangement of the collagen fibrils of the lamina cribrosa was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy with clinical regard to morphological alterations in cases of glaucoma at different stages. Adult eyes with no apparent pathological changes and specimens from patients with absolute glaucoma were studied. In the lamina cribrosa of nonpathological eyes the collagen fibrils are arranged circularly around the points of passage of axons and vessels. In specimens from glaucoma patients the characteristic circular alignment of the collagen fibrils around the penetrating axons is generally absent. The collagen fibrils are arranged in coarse bundles, showing no preferred alignment. The present study supports a new hypothesis for glaucoma pathogenesis.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310694

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study is performed to evaluate the fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) characteristics of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). 200 eyes of 101 patients were examined with digital ICG videoangiography (ICGV). 190 of the 200 eyes had macular lesions of ARMD, and CNVs were detected in 84 (44.2%) of them. Angiographies confirmed the presence of well-defined CNV in 40 (47.6%) eyes and occult CNV in 44 (52.4%) eyes. On ICG-videoangiographic examination, 6 (13.6%) of the 44 eyes with occult CNV had vascularized pigment epithelial detachment, 27 (61.4%) had a vascularized retinal pigment epithelium. Laser photocoagulation had been performed on the remaining 11 (25%) eyes. The results of this study suggest that ICGV is a valuable technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of occult CNVs and may be suggested as an additional diagnostic tool in cases with choroidal neovascular membranes.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310695

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Retinitis pigmentosa is a disease whose pathogenesis remains largely obscure. A lot of evidences support the hypothesis that autoimmunity is involved, but no HLA antigen has ever been associated with retinitis pigmentosa. Ten patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa were tissue typed for class I and II HLA antigens. The results of the study show a significant increase in the frequency of the antigens Cw4, Cw6 and DR11. High values of relative risk were found also for some class I antigens, but the size of the group of patients with these loci precluded a meaningful statistical analysis.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310696

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Bifocal intraocular lenses (BIOLs) reduce image contrast. We measured contrast sensitivity (CS) to evaluate the clinical significance of the loss in image contrast. Four groups were compared: 15 patients with a monofocal IOL, 13 with the True Vista BIOL, 13 with the AcuraSee BIOL, 11 with the diffractive BIOL. CS was measured using the Mentor B-VAT II-SG. Distance CS was slightly better in monofocal eyes than in all bifocal eyes, and distance CS was considerably better than near CS in eyes with the True Vista or the AcuraSee BIOL. With the diffractive BIOL, values were about the same at distance and near focus. Our results demonstrate that BIOLs reduce CS, thereby performing differently: both True Vista and AcuraSee favor distance vision, while the diffractive BIOL provides about the same contrast at distance and near focus.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310697

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors reviewed the data of 226 eyes in 124 patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema treated by grid pattern photocoagulation from 1986 to 1994 at the Ophthalmological Clinic of Innsbruck University Hospital. On the basis of baseline visual acuity (VA), eyes were classified in four groups: group 1 = VA < 0.1; group 2 = VA 0.1–0.2; group 3 = VA > 0.2–0.5; group 4 = VA > 0.5. The development of VA from the baseline examination until the last checkup in treated eyes is reported. This classification showed a better visual outcome after photocoagulation in eyes with a decreased VA at baseline (groups 1, 2) compared with eyes with a good initial VA (groups 3, 4). The difference in visual outcome between the second and third groups as well as between the third and fourth groups was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001). A correlation of initial VA with visual outcome after treatment was demonstrated (R = ––0.558; p = 0.0001). Clinical conclusions of these results are discussed.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310698

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 138 cases of paralytic exotropia due to oculomotor palsy, transposition of the superior oblique muscle and resection of the medial rectus muscle were carried out. Surgery was performed with or without recession of the lateral rectus muscle. The long-term prognosis for 4 years or more was observed in 35 cases. We found that the same results could be obtained by selecting transposition of the superior oblique muscle in cases of complete palsy and resection of the medical rectus muscle in cases of incomplete palsy. There was no benefit in combining resection of the medial rectus muscle when performing the transposition of the superior oblique muscle. Regardless of which method was used, a combination with recession of the lateral rectus muscle greatly improved the effectiveness of the procedure.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310699

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twelve subjects with macular edema in retinal vein occlusion received hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Median visual acuity improved from 20/100 to 20/25 (p = 0.002). Clinically significant improvement (2 lines or more) was achieved in 10 cases (83%). Evaluation of the inward permeability coefficient of the blood-retinal barrier using vitreous fluorophotometry showed no significant alteration in the permeability. Studies of larger groups of vein occlusion patients are required to better understand and characterize the visual changes after the oxygen treatment. Moreover, further follow-up is required before conclusions can be reached about the long-term effect of this treatment.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310700

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The heparin-induced extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein precipitation (HELP) eliminates selectively fibrinogen, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides and improves hemorheology. We investigated the hemodynamic changes in 10 patients without ocular diseases performing a video fluorescein angiography after a single HELP procedure measuring the arm-retina time (ART) and the arteriovenous passage time (AVP). Laboratory parameters such as fibrinogen, cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, red cell transit time, plasma and whole-blood viscosity were determined and retinal circulation was measured immediately before and after the HELP application. All of the laboratory parameters were lowered significantly. The ART was unaffected by the HELP procedure; however, there was a significant AVP reduction from 2.41 ± 0.49 to 1.97 + 0.47 (p < 0.005). These results support the hemorheological and hemodynamic efficiency of the HELP system in microcirculatory diseases

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310701

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The immunosuppressive effect of FK 506 on penetrating keratoplasty in rats was evaluated following intramuscular and topical administration. Implanted corneal grafts were inspected weekly by clinical evaluation for 3 weeks. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was measured in the spleen on postoperative day 21, and the grafts were examined histologically. A dose of FK 506, 0.1 mg/kg given intramuscularly, only moderately suppressed CTL activity and the graft failed. In contrast, doses of either 0.024 mg/day topically or 0.3 mg/kg intramuscularly suppressed CTL activity and the grafts remained intact. Results suggest that FK 506 administered topically would be effective in preventing failure of human corneal grafts.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310702

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger