摘要:

A new electrode for electroretinography (ERG) has been produced. The new device made of gold filament was applied as corneal and noncorneal electrod. Flash ERG and pattern ERG were recorded in normal subjects using this new electrode and compared with those made by available electrodes. There were so significant differences in amplitude and latency between the new electrode placed on the cornea and the JET-type electrode. For pattern ERG there were no significant differences between the new electrode placed in the lower fornix and a gold-foil-type electrode. As this new electrode is less expensive and more comfortable than the available electrodes, it is clinically useful.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310644

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of a reduction in visual acuity in patients over the age of 65 years. A positive influence of medical treatment (i.e. with vitamins and trace minerals) has been suggested but remains unproven. In this randomized, double-blind study, 20 patients in an early stage of AMD were included. Over a period of 6 months, 9 patients were treated with Visaline® and 11 with a placebo. The effect of the treatment was not statistically different between the two groups, admittedly small in number, in terms of visual and retinal acuity, color vision, and contrast sensitivity. Despite the lack of such measureable differences, the patients’ own subjective assessments, however, were much better in the Visaline-treated group. Due to the short duration of the observation time, we can not comment on a possible long-term effe

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310646

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors report the results of an experimental study of a series of 16 rabbit eyes that underwent prolonged tamponade by a liquid perfluorocarbon (LPFC). After vitreous compression by C3F8, a complete gas/LPFC exchange is performed and left in place for 48 h, 12 days and 21 days. Study of the retina by light and electron microscopy showed numerous lesions: vacuolization in the nerve fiber layer, progressive defects of the outer photoreceptor segments and presence of pseudomyelinic bodies in the inner plexiform layer. The axonal fiber loss is shown by a specific marker. The analysis of the results underlines the mechanical toxicity of LPFCs used in prolonged tamponade, which are too heavy for the neurosensory retina.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310648

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vitro antibacterial activity of ofloxacin, sagamycin and other antibiotics was evaluated against 85 bacterial isolates [coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), n = 37, Staphylococcus aureus, n = 28, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n = 20] obtained from patients with ocular infections. The antistaphylococcal activity of ofloxacin was quite elevated with a 90% minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of 1.56 mg/l against CNS and S. aureus. Rokitamycin and erythromycin showed a good activity against methicillin-sensitive staphylococci, but were less active than ofloxacin and sagamycin against methicillin-resistant strains (MIC90 > 100 mg/l). Sagamycin was highly effective against staphylococci (MIC90 0.78 mg/l) and appeared to be the most active compound against P. aeruginosa (MIC90 6.25 mg/l), followed by ofloxacin, tobramycin and gentamicin. In a successive part of the study, the adhesive properties of slime-producing staphylococci were tested on biomaterials used in ocular surgery. Intraocular lenses, Silastic sheetings, circling bands and grooved strips showed a high affinity for slime-producing strains, while round silicone sponges were not covered by bacterial biofilm. In the last part of our study, we demonstrated how subMIC levels of ofloxacin increased the adhesion of slime-producing staphylococci. Our data confirmed the excellent activity of ofloxacin and sagamycin against ocular pathogens and the key role of adhesion in promoting colonization and infections of biomaterials.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310649

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We compared the incidence of exposure of the hydroxyapatite implant after evisceration according to the position of scleral windows which allow rapid fibro- vascularization into the implant. Three patients (10%) developed tissue breakdown and exposure of the hydroxyapatite, out of 30 patients who had external scleral windows located in a position just anterior to the insertion of each of the rectus muscles, whereas no patient developed exposure, out of 24 patients who had internal scleral windows located in a position just posterior to the insertion of each of the rectus muscles. Internal windows sealed with rectus muscles could prevent direct contact between implant and the overlying Tenon’s capsule and conjunctiva. These findings seem to indicate that the rough spicular surface of the hydroxyapatite irritates and erodes the overlying Tenon’s capsule and conjunctiva.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310650

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We reviewed 745 cases of retinal detachment which had been successfully treated by scleral buckling and had presented without preoperative ocular problems precluding visual recovery. Final visual acuity (VA) was 0.5 or better in 517 cases (69.4%). The main causes of final VA below 0.5 were photoreceptor dysfunction, macular pucker, cystoid macular edema, and intraoperative retrofoveal hemorrhage. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that five variables predicted visual failure: patient’s age of 71 years or more; preoperative VA reduced either to light perception counting fingers or to 0.1–0.4; low or high macular detachment for more than 7 days; grade B preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and intraoperative hemorrhage.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310651

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Keratitis Solaris is caused by ultraviolet radiation in the range 200–320 nm. The threshold dose for keratitis Solaris is 40 J/m2 for short-term exposure. We measured the emission spectra of 22 sunbeds in the range 250–500 nm with a high-resolution double monochromator and calculated the exposure times for the threshold dose of keratitis Solaris. Depending on the type of lamp used, the exposure times ranged from 90 s to 3.5 h. Lamps with short exposure times for keratitis Solaris can induce keratitis Solaris if protective goggles are not used (e.g., to achieve a uniform tan of the eye area) and if the eyes are opened briefly several times, perhaps, to look at a watch. Generally, sunbed users have no way of ascertaining the lamp type or its emission spectrum and of determining the exposure time for the threshold dose of keratitis Solaris.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310652

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We treated a 65-year old woman with diffuse uveitis and an intraocular mass. The diffuse uveitis resolved with the administration of corticosteroids, but the intraocular mass did not respond to treatment. A transscleral biopsy of the lesion was performed. Histophathological study revealed non-Hodgkin’s large-cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the tumor cells were derived from B-cells. The intraocular mass diminished after radiation therapy. The transscleral biopsy proved useful in establishing the correct diagnosis.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310653

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We injected diltiazem into the left lateral rectus muscles (LR) of 10 rabbits in order to examine the ultrastructural effects of diltiazem on rabbit extraocular muscles and estimate its advantages in clinical use as an alternative to the surgical therapy of strabismus. The animals were divided into two groups according to the time of evaluation following the injection. The LR muscles of both eyes of the first group were respected 60 min after the injection, for ultrastructural examination. The same procedure was done for the second group at the 24th hour. The right eyes were used as the control group. There was a medial shift 3–5 min following the injection in the left eyes of both groups. The ultrastructural examination revealed weakness in muscle contractility, probably as a result of inhibition of glycogen usage due to calcium accumulation. In this study, we examined the early clinical and ultrastructural effects of diltiazem.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310654

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effectiveness of passively transferred antibodies directed against the secretory form of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB1-s) was tested in a rabbit model of ocular HSV-1 infection. The animals were passively immunized through the intramuscular injection of a homologous polyclonal anti-gB1-s antiserum at different times from the viral ocular challenge (i.e at ––24, 0, +24 and +48 h from infection). The effects observed in this trial were compared with those obtained in an active immunization trial, in which the animals were vaccinated with gBl-s before the ocular infection with HSV-1 (large variant). The results have shown that passive immunization appears quite effective in prophylactic utilization, whereas it is less effective when performed at 24 or 48 h after inoculation. By contrast, active immunization of rabbits proved to be highly effective both in preventing the development of fatal encephalitis and in reducing the severity of corneal lesions.

ISSN:0030-3755    

DOI:10.1159/000310655

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger