摘要:

Abstract:Six healthy male subjects were given in a crossover fashion medium molecular weight (HES 125) and low molecular weight (HES 40) hydroxyethyl starch, dextran, and balanced salt solution by intravenous infusion. The plasma volumes were determined using labeled albumin and plasma protein measurements. Three properties of factor VIII protein complex and indices of blood coagulation and hemostasis were measured before and after the infusions. Both the salt solution and HES 40 increased plasma volume, but their effect wore off within 3 hours. Dextran and HES 125 increased plasma volume significantly (P<0.001) more than the salt solution did, and the expansion was maintained for 24 hours. Plasma volume increases (dextran and HES 125) were associated with high nonglucose carbohydrate levels in plasma and low levels in urine. No or slight increases in plasma volumes (HES 40), on the other hand, were associated with low and high carbohydrate levels in plasma and urine, respectively. Serum α‐amylase activity increased significantly after both HES preparations as compared to salt solution. Dextran and HES 125 decreased all the three values of factor VIII, these decreases being maximal 3 to 6 hours after administration and highest (about 25 per cent) for F VIII R:Ag and F VIII R:cof. It is concluded that HES 125 and dextran are equally effective plasma expande

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01833.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The pharmacokinetics of cibenzoline were evaluated in four young healthy volunteers who received ascending oral doses of 65, 97.5, 130, 162.5, 195, 227.5, and 260 mg separated by one week. Cibenzoline plasma concentrations exhibited an apparent biexponential decline following oral absorption. Maximum plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve increased in proportion to the dose. The mean elimination half‐life among subjects was independent of dose and ranged from 7.3 to 8.7 hours. Oral clearance ranged from 380 to 575 ml/min and was also independent of dose. A single pharmacokinetic equation was used to adequately describe the plasma concentration data over the entire range of doses for each subject, indicating dose‐proportional and linear pharmacokin

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The effect of the surface area of activated charcoal on theophylline clearance was studied. Eight fasting, healthy men received intravenous infusions of either aminophylline (6 mg/kg,N= 3) or theophylline (5 mg/kg,N= 5) over 1 hour followed by either 5 Gm standard activated charcoal every 2 hours, 20 Gm every 2 hours, or 5 Gm PX‐21 activated charcoal (with 3.6 times the surface area) every 2 hours. Theophylline t1/2and AUC with each regimen were respectively 6.3 ± 0.5 (S.E.) hours and 88.9 ± 8.4 mg/liter · hr with 5 Gm standard activated charcoal, 5.3 ± 0.3 hours and 75.4 ± 4.9 mg/liter · hr with 5 Gm PX‐21, and 4.9 ± 0.2 hours and 67.7 ± 3.6 mg/liter · hr with 20 Gm standard activated charcoal. There was a relationship between the activated charcoal surface area and the reduction in theophylline t1/2and AUC. We conclude that the clearance of theophylline is related to the surface area of activated charcoal administered and that PX‐21 may be a more potent activated charcoal product for enhancing theoph

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01835.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Currently available antiarrhythmic agents are limited by side effects and the potential for increasing arrhythmias. In addition, drug interactions, altered disposition of drug as a result of changes in protein binding or concomitant disease processes, active metabolites, and poorly defined therapeutic ranges with great interpatient variability are some of the factors which complicate therapy. An awareness of the possible contribution of these factors in the use of antiarrhythmics is invaluable in both the choice of agent and the establishment of an optimum benefit‐to‐risk ratio for the pati

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Most patients requiring antiarrhythmic therapy for ventricular arrhythmias have underlying organic heart disease which causes left ventricular dysfunction. Treatment of these patients' arrhythmias requires knowledge of the hemodynamic as well as antiarrhythmic effects of the available agents. These effects may differ during acute and chronic oral therapy. Several of the newer agents and quinidine are very effective in suppressing ventricular ectopic activity, allowing demonstration of drug effect during ambulatory monitoring. The clinical significance of this for prevention of sudden death has yet to be shown. However, prevention of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in the electrophysiology laboratory and suppression of ambient ectopy may generally be separate phenomena, as has been demonstrated for amiodarone.

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The recognition that certain types of ventricular premature beats, specifically repetitive forms, may be forerunners of more serious tachyarrhythmias has led to the practice of prophylactic therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs to suppress these forms in patients who have underlying cardiac disease. Several antiarrhythmic drugs are available for oral therapy, and many others are undergoing investigation. The usefulness of these agents is often limited by frequent side effects, which include idiosyncratic and unpredictable reactions that are not related to drug level. One such effect is the aggravation of the arrhythmia being treated. Noninvasive drug testing in 245 patients for a total of 1024 single drug tests showed 113 studies (11 per cent) to have been aggravated by the antiarrhythmic drug. At least one drug was proarrhythmic in 78 patients (32 per cent). Aggravation of arrhythmia is a potentially serious drug complication that occurs with all antiarrhythmic agents.

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Sudden cardiac death is a major problem in the United States. Our goal is to identify high‐risk patients and to be able to target antiarrhythmic therapy to this population. Ambulatory electrocardiography, exercise tolerance testing, and programmed electrical stimulation studies may aid in the identification of patients at risk for sudden cardiac death and the selection of antiarrhythmic therapy. Each technique has its advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. These considerations must be taken into account if the procedure is to be optimally employed. We are in a period of rapid development of new antiarrhythmic agents. It is essential to fully understand the techniques employed to evaluate antiarrhythmic therap

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Assessments of efficacy of antidysrhythmic drugs at different clinical arrhythmia centers frequently produce discordant data, probably because of differences in patient population, technology to assess efficacy, study design, and concomitant drugs such as digitalis, diuretics, beta‐adrenergic blocking agents, and calcium channel blockers. Furthermore, different doses employed may greatly influence the toxicity and efficacy of both conventional and experimental antiarrhythmic drugs. These variables make the design of studies in the field of antiarrhythmic therapy both difficult and of critical importance. The serious and complex nature of the disease entity against which these drugs are directed constitutes a considerable public health problem which requires that the problems be addressed in a definite and timely wa

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY