ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb05701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:One hundred thirty‐seven current or prospective recipients of hypnotics were screened to obtain a sample of 12 severely insomniac patients for a study concerning efficacy and side effects of 2 mg flunitrazepam and 100 mg pentobarbital as hypnotics. During the baseline period, these 12 subjects showed wide intraindividual variability of sleep and performance. This variability was not reduced by the hypnotics, which on the average did not adversely affect performance. Flunitrazepam, but not pentobarbital, slightly reduced sleep latency. Neither hypnotic prolonged sleep duration or reduced the number of wakings. The generalizability of the results to the population of recipients of hypnotics is discusse

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb05702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In a double‐blind crossover study, the antihypertensive effect of hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination with the beta blocker acebutolol was assessed in 18 patients suffering from mild to moderate hypertension. After a placebo period, the patients were placed on hydrochlorothiazide alone for four weeks at a dose of 50 mg daily. Acebutolol was then gradually titrated into the regimen until the optimum dose was established. The average dose was 555 mg per day, with the usual optimum dose 200 mg b.i.d. The patients then entered the crossover portion of the trial during which patients received either hydrocholorothiazide with acebutolol or hydrochlorothiazide with placebo. Each treatment period lasted six weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate were significantly lower with the combination treatment than with hydrochlorothiazide alone. At the end of each treatment period, the mean diastolic blood pressure (erect) was 90.5 mm Hg with hydrochlorothiazide—acebutolol but remained above 100 mm Hg with the diuretic alone. Neither hydrochlorothiazide nor acebutolol produced any significant changes in plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone. There were very few side effects and no reports of bradycar

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb05703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb05704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:It is known that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs such as indomethacin can attenuate the pharmacologic effect of loop diuretics such as furosemide and ethacrynic acid and that indomethacin may also reduce the pharmacologic response to chlorothiazide. To examine further this potential drug—drug interaction, we administered 50‐ and 100‐mg single oral doses of hydrochlorothiazide with and without indomethacin to 10 healthy, normal subjects. We observed no significant influence of indomethacin either on the pharmacokinetics of hydrochlorothiazide or the pharmacologic response to this diuretic. The absorption and disposition of hydrochlorothiazide demonstrate that this drug is rapidly absorbed and produces a diuretic and natriuretic response that peaks at approximately 2 hours after dosing and is essentially terminated 12 hours after dosing. There appeared to be no greater pharmacologic response to the 100‐mg than to the 50‐mg hydrochlorothiazide dose in the ten subjects in t

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb05705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The local, articular, and systemic absorption of oral and topical salicylates was studied in dogs and humans using radioisotope techniques. Topical triethanolamine14C‐salicylate was found capable of percutaneous absorption into the knee joint and surrounding tissues. In dogs, topical salicylate application resulted in higher salicylate concentrations than oral aspirin in a number of tissues, despite lower blood levels. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, intraarticular14C‐salicylate levels after triethanolamine14C‐salicylate cream were 60 per cent of those obtained with oral aspirin. Four of six patients reported equal improvement in local discomfort after oral and topical salicylates. A potential role for topical salicylate cream in the treatment of localized rheumatic disorders is sugg

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb05706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Chloramphenicol clearance was evaluated over one dosing interval in 10 infants after at least 24 hours of therapy to evaluate dosage guidelines using a specific chemical assay. Serum samples were obtained prior to and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after the start of a 20‐minute infusion of 25 mg/kg chloramphenicol as the sodium succinate. The chemical assay used is technically simple and is specific for unesterified chloramphenicol. Peak serum concentrations ranged from 20.9 to 94.0 μg/ml and occurred from 1 to 4 hours after infusion. Clearances ranged from 0.058 to 0.236 1./kg · hr and paralleled previously reported results using different assay methodology. The 4‐hour serum chloramphenicol concentrations were significantly lower (P<0.05) in infants on phenobarbital. The currently recommended dose of chloramphenicol for severe infections, 100 mg/kg per day, is excessive in some infants. Widely divergent clearance rates prohibit uniform dosage guidelines so that serum level monitoring with an assay specific for chloramphenicol is esse

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb05707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Six healthy volunteers provided simultaneous serum and mixed saliva specimens at various time intervals after receiving three different concentrations of trimethobenzamide HCl (total dose 800 mg) via rectal syringe on three separate occasions. Specimens were analyzed for trimethobenzamide content and the results subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis and other statistical procedures to identify characteristics of the relationship between distribution processes in these specimen types. On the basis of linear regression analysis there was a significant correlation (P<0.01) between saliva and serum drug content for both mean values (r= 0.94) at each sampling time and all individuals' paired data points (r= 0.72). Because of the large degree of scatter in individual pairs, the data were subjected to analysis of variance in an attempt to determine a potential source of this divergence. The relationship between serum and saliva drug concentrations was found to depend upon the time after drug administration. We conclude that a nonuniform process determines the relative degree of partitioning trimethobenzamide between serum and saliva.

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb05708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The effect of a saline cathartic combined with activated charcoal or activated charcoal alone on aspirin bioavailability was characterized in six healthy volunteers. Using a random, Latin‐square design, subjects were given 975 mg aspirin followed by either water alone, 15 Gm activated charcoal (AC), or 15 Gm activated charcoal plus 20 Gm sodium sulfate (AC + SS) separated by one week. Both AC (44.16 ± 16.85 μg/ml) and AC + SS (58.61 ± 10.63 μg/ml) decreased (P<0.001) the maximal plasma salicylate concentration (Cpmax) compared to control (86.61 ± 12.69 μg/ml). Urinary salicylate recovery was decreased (P<0.01) for AC (57.88 ± 16.26 per cent) and AC + SS (61.00 ± 11.49 per cent) as compared to control (93.73 ± 6.83 per cent), while for area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) only AC showed a decrease (P<0.01) compared to control. Neither AC nor AC + SS differed from each other forCpmax,AUC, or cumulative urinary recovery. Our findings indicate that the addition of sodium sulfate to activated charcoal has no added effect on limiting aspirin absorption relative to activated ch

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb05709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Theophylline total body clearance was measured in 29 anuric, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute or chronic renal failure during a continuous intravenous infusion. They were divided into two groups depending on the absence (group 1,N= 16) or presence (group 2,N= 13) of congestive heart failure and compared to normal renal function control patients with similar disease states. All study and control patients smoked cigarettes. The theophylline mean total body clearance values (± S.D.) for group 1 were 68.0 ± 14.6, 64.5 ± 12.9, and 62.6 ± 17.3 ml/kg·hr for acute renal failure patients, uremic chronic renal failure patients, and control patients, respectively. For group 2, the corresponding values were 25.6 ± 6.1, 28.6 ± 8.7, and 27.4 ± 12.9 ml/kg·hr. There was no significant difference between study and control patients in either group 1 or group 2 (Pgreater than 0.05, one‐way analysis of variance). Since total body clearance determines the steady‐state concentration of a drug after repeated administration, theophylline doses do not need to be reduced in acute renal failure or ure

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb05710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY