摘要:

Abstract:The effects of furosemide on biliary secretion and on pancreatic hemodynamics and exocrine function were studied by quantitative flowmetry and timed collections of biliary and pancreatic exocrine secretion in the anesthetized dog. Biliary flow and the output of its components (Na+, K+, Ca, Mg, 3‐OH bile salts, and bilirubin) increased significantly following a furosemide injection of 0.6 mg/kg and rose progressively to 75–150 per cent above basal levels as the furosemide dose was increased to 9.6 mg/kg. Pretreatment with secretin had no influence on furosemide‐induced biliary secretion. Furosemide doses of 4.8 and 9.6 mg/kg increased blood flow in the superior pancreaticoduodenal arterial bed by 30–60 per cent but did not alter flow in the inferior pancreaticoduodenal arterial bed or the pancreatic branch of the splenic artery. However, small increases were seen in flow in the latter two arterial beds after furosemide when secretin administration preceded furosemide. Basal pancreatic secretion was not affected by furosemide, but pretreatment with a submaximal sustaining infusion of secretin uncovered a furosemide action to increase pancreatic exocrine flow and the outputs of Na+, K+, Ca, Mg, and enzymes by 25–35 per cent. These data extend previous studies of the gastrointestinal vasodilator effects of furosemide to the pancreatic circulation and previous data demonstrating furosemide‐induced ionic transport in nonrenal systems to biliary, pancreatic acinar, and ductular transport in both organs. Whether the augmentation of pancreatic blood flow is secondary to enhanced ion transport in the exocrine pancreas or to an effect on ionic cotransport in vascular smooth muscle

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This study was a randomized double‐blind evaluation of three doses of dyphylline, theophylline, and placebo for blocking exercise‐induced bronchospasm (EIB). Twenty patients aged 12 to 17 years took one of the following on five separate days prior to an exercise challenge: 10,15, or 20 mg/kg dyphylline; 6 mg/kg anhydrous theophylline; or placebo. Linear relationships were found between the log of dyphylline doses and per cent changes from baseline for PEFR, FEV1and FEF25–75%. The 15 and 20 mg/kg doses differed significantly from placebo in preventing declines in PEFR, FEV1, and FEF26–75%. While significant, these changes were one half to one third those found with 6 mg/kg theophylline. Tremor was twice as common with theophylline. While dyphylline has therapeutic effectiveness compared to placebo for blocking EIB, its benefit is small. Further evaluations are needed to elucidate optimal dosaging for maximal effect

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The antihypertensive effect and safety of hydrochlorothiazide administration as a single drug and together with medroxalol were determined in 20 patients with primary hypertension. Following two biweekly intervals on placebo and hydrochlorothiazide, medroxalol was started at 100 mg three times a day and titrated against blood pressure response up to a maximum of 300 mg three times a day. In nine patients the effect of the single and the combined drug therapy on blood pressure during isometric handgrip exercise, on plasma renin activity, and on plasma catecholamines and their deaminated metabolites was investigated.The administration of hydrochlorothiazide was associated with a significant decrease in blood pressure, but heart rate did not change. The addition of medroxalol produced a substantial decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in both the recumbent and upright positions (P<0.001). Due to careful titration of medroxalol, orthostatic hypotension was observed only in one patient. Neither hydrochlorothiazide alone nor the combined drug regimen prevented or diminished the rise in blood pressure with exercise. Although plasma renin activity decreased during the combined drug therapy, there was no correlation between the initial levels or the change in plasma renin activity and the extent of decrease in blood pressure. The concentration of plasma epinephrine increased during the combined drug period, whereas catecholamine metabolites increased significantly during both periods of the study. It is concluded that medroxalol combined with hydrochlorothiazide constituted a potent and safe antihypertensive therapy for the duration of the present study.

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Difficulties encountered in controlling theophylline blood concentrations in an asthmatic patient on hemodialysis prompted us to study the effect of hemodialysis on theophylline kinetics. Plasma theophylline extraction ratios, clearances, and half‐lives were determined during dialysis for 11 adults given an intravenous infusion of 4 mg/kg aminophylline. For comparison, eight of these patients were evaluated for theophylline half‐lives when not dialyzed. Extraction ratios of theophylline during dialysis ranged from 0.22 to 0.51 (0.35 ± 0.08) for these patients, indicating that a mean of 36 per cent plasma theophylline was removed during each pass through the dialyzer. This compares with a mean extraction ratio of urea of 0.63 ± 0.07. Plasma clearance of theophylline during dialysis ranged from 52 to 124 ml/min (83 ± 20 ml/min). Plasma theophylline half‐lives during dialysis ranged from 1.6 to 3.4 hours (2.3 ± 0.5 hours). Theophylline half‐lives when not on dialysis ranged from 3.5 to 8.2 hours (5.0 ± 1.7). Theophylline clearance was significantly faster in every patient during dialysis. Asthmatics requiring hemodialysis should receive additional theophylline during dialysis if therapeutic blood levels are to be maintained. Routine hemodialysis will significantly increase clearance in a toxic patient in whom life‐threatening toxicity is occurring and charcoal hemoperfusion

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01786.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The area under the plasma concentration‐time curve of rifampicin was determined with and without food administration in six healthy male volunteers. Rifampicin (10 mg/kg) was administered orally in the fasting state on one occasion and following a wheat‐based breakfast on another. Administration of rifampicin with food reduced mean peak plasma concentration and prolonged the time to reach peak concentration (2 versus 4 hours). Total area under the concentration‐time curve from 0 to 8 hours and the rate of absorption were also significantly reduced when rifampicin was administered with

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01787.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01788.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01789.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01790.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01791.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1983.tb01792.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY