摘要:

Abstract:Thirty‐two middle‐aged men with essential hypertension completed a double‐blind randomly allocated comparison of the effects of methyldopa versus propranolol on blood lipid levels. After a four‐week period on a placebo for each drug, subjects were titrated for the next six weeks with either methyldopa from 500 to 2000 mg/day or propranolol from 80 to 320 mg/day plus a placebo for the other drug until supine diastolic blood pressure was below 90 mm Hg or the ceiling dose was reached. Subjects were then maintained on the achieved drug dose for an additional six weeks and finally switched back to a placebo for each drug for four more weeks. Blood lipid levels were measured twice during each study period and the values averaged and compared. Neither drug significantly affected levels of total plasma cholesterol. However, both drugs reduced high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels about 10 per cent and increased the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio. In addition, propranolol significantly increased plasma triglyceride levels (28.3 per cent). The changes in lipid levels were not dose related. Whether or not these blood lipid changes persist and their possible clinical implications during prolonged therapy remain to be e

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a calcium antagonist drug, dilitiazem (60 mg q.i.d. per os), was compared with that of metoprolol (100 mg b.i.d. per os) in a crossover, double‐blind randomized trial in 20 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed at rest and during bicycle exercise before and after four‐week periods of treatment. Both metoprolol and diltiazem reduced significantly systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while heart rate decreased only after metoprolol therapy. The reduction in blood pressure and the percentage of patients who responded favorably were similar with the two drugs. Furthermore, the overall levels of blood pressure during exercise were significantly reduced by both treatments, while only metoprolol was able to reduce the maximum increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate induced by exercise. These results suggest that the use of diltiazem may be appropriate to the treatment of patients with mild or moderate essential hypertens

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A total of 152 patients were treated at a single center in a single‐dose, double‐blind parallel study designed to compare the safety and efficacy of 25, 50, and 100 mg ketoprofen to 90 mg codeine and placebo in patients with moderate to severe postpartum pain (i.e., postepisiotomy, uterine cramping, or cesarean section pain). The analgesic responses to all three doses of ketoprofen and 90 mg codeine were superior to placebo and were not significantly different from each other. No dose‐related response was observed with ketoprofen. The number of side effects was significantly greater (P= 0.001) among patients receiving codeine (six patients) than among those receiving ketoprofen (three pati

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract of five different preparations of KCl were compared in 90 healthy subjects treated with glycopyrrolate. The KCl preparations studied were (1) wax‐matrix KCI, (2) microencapsulated KCI, (3) liquid KCI, (4) experimental extended‐release capsules, (5) experimental extended‐release tablets, and (6) placebo. The subjects were endoscoped prior to and after seven days of dosing. Upper gastrointestinal mucosal pathology was seen with all of the potassium preparations as well as with placebo. No statistically significant differences between the various KCI groups or between KCI groups and placebo were seen. All of the lesions were superficial, except for one ulcer seen with the microencapsulated KCI. None of the subjects developed occult gastrointestinal bleeding. There were no differences in the incidence of abdominal sym

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Etodolac, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory and analgesic drug, was used in a randomized, parallel group, open‐label design study, with stool analysis conducted in a blind fashion, to compare its effect in normal men in doses of 400 mg (N= 11) and 600 mg (N= 12) b.i.d. on gastrointestinal microbleeding with that of 600 mg ibuprofen, q.i.d. (N= 12), 50 mg indomethacin in the morning, 50 mg at noon, and 100 mg h.s. (N= 9), and 375 mg naproxen b.i.d. (N= 9). Etodolac was given at about 2 1/2 and 3 1/2 times the mean effective dose used for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The other drugs were given at their manufacturers' maximum recommended doses. Lead‐in placebo was given for one week, active drug for one week, and washout placebo for one week. Fecal blood loss was measured by the51Cr‐tagged red cell method, and was averaged over days 4–7 (baseline), 11–14 (treatment period), and 17–20 (washout). The mean increase in blood loss for the treatment period for the 400 mg etodolac b.i.d. group (0.13 ml) and 600 mg etodolac b.i.d. group (0.10 ml) was significantly less (P= 0.001) than the corresponding values for ibuprofen (1.14 ml), indomethacin (1.20 ml), and naproxen (0.87 ml). There was no tendency for greater blood loss at higher doses of etodolac. Etodolac at doses in excess of the mean effective dose in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis caused significantly less microbleeding in normal male volunteers during the seven‐day treatment period than the other drugs tested, and not clinically more than that occurring during bas

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The concentrations of amikacin in serum, gallbladder, and common duct bile, and gallbladder tissue in patients undergoing surgery of the biliary tract were investigated. Patients received 500 mg amikacin intravenously or intramuscularly from 1 to 11 hours before surgery. Another group had T‐tubes inserted and blood and bile levels were studied serially postoperatively. One half hour after 500 mg amikacin, serum levels were high and bile levels were 30 per cent of the serum levels, with tissue levels less than 19 per cent of the serum levels. At 6 hours, serum levels were 37 per cent of the 1‐hour levels; however, bile levels were 34 per cent of the simultaneous serum levels. At 11 hours, both postdose serum and bile amikacin levels were low. However, simultaneous bile levels were higher than serum levels. No patient suffered from any side effects from amika

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A series of healthy volunteers received a single 7.5‐mg intravenous dose of diazepam on one occasion and a single 15‐mg oral dose of slow‐release diazepam (DZ‐SR) on another occasion. Diazepam concentrations were measured by gas chromatography in multiple plasma samples drawn during seven days after each dose. Absorption of diazepam from DZ‐SR was slow, with mean ± S.E. peak concentrations attained at 3.8 ± 0.5 hours after dosage. Absolute bioavailability of DZ‐SR averaged 0.98 ± 0.06. In two other studies, diazepam absorption from DZ‐SR was evaluated when coadministered with a standard breakfast or with an antacid preparation (Maalox). Neither food nor antacid altered the rate of diazepam absorption and did not impair the completeness of absorption. Higher peak total plasma diazepam concentrations occurred in the postprandial as opposed to the fasting state, but this was an artifact of reduced protein binding (increased free fraction) due to fasting. Thus, diazepam absorption from DZ‐SR is slow and es

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0091-2700    

DOI:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY