ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9770161

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYServenty, D. L. 1977. The use of data on the distribution of birds to monitor climatic changes. Emu 77: 162–166.Though some changes in bird distribution in Australia during the past century or so may have been caused by man's alterations of the environment, most such changes appear to have resulted from climatic fluctuations. Since the turn of the century, the dry-country fauna has been expanding its distribution. Several species that have extended their range are discussed.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9770162

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYRobinson, F. N. 1977. Environmental origins of the Menurae. Emu 77: 167–168.The Menurae at present inhabit cool wet forests and both lyrebirds and the Rufous Scrub-bird may still be found in temperate rainforest (Nothofagus), in which it is probable that the Menurae originated. The known history ofNothofagusleads to the conclusion that the Menurae are of southern origin and both breeding and vocal behaviour support this. If they are indeed related to the Ptilonorhynchinae (bowerbirds) and Paradisaeinae (birds-of-paradise), it may be that they closely resemble a common ancestral type from which the latter family has diverged so far that this relationship cannot be satisfactorily established by present taxonomic methods.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9770167

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYDavies, S. J. J. F. 1977. Man's activities and birds' distribution in the arid zone. Emu 77: 169–172. Changes in the Australian climate during geological time as well as the activities of man in Australia have led to changes in the abundance and distribution of bird species. Serventy (1977) reviews the effect of climate and Smith (1977) the influence of man on some coastal species, whereas the present paper discusses the changes in the distribution of birds consequent upon man's activities in the Australian arid zone. In general, this has led to greater number of speciesandreduced number of individuals but some spectacular increases in abundance have also occurred.The provision of permanent surface water has been the most important modification causing these changes but clearing, changes in the dominant species of herbs and grasses, the introduction of weeds and exotic animals, and the development of windmills, farmyards and country towns also seem to be important to certain species, acting to increase the ranges of some and decrease those of others.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9770169

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSmith, G. T. 1977. The effect of environmental change on six rare birds. Emu 77: 173–179.The effect of past environmental changes on the status ofAtrichornis clamosus, A. rufescens, Dasyornis broadbenti, D. longirostris, D. brachypterusandPsophodes nigrogularisare considered. During the Tertiary and Pleistocene all species were more widely distributed and abundant. The vegetational change from the late Tertiary onwards reduced them to small remnant populations by the time that European man arrived. The subsequent activities of European man (fire practice, agricultural clearing, forestry) have been more important to the further decline of these birds than have climatic changes.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9770173

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSAUNDERS, D. A. 1977. The effect of agricultural clearing on the breeding success of the White-tailed Black Cockatoo. Emu 77: 180–184.The ecology of the White-tailed Black Cockatoo has been studied in two main areas, Coomallo Creek and Manmanning. Coomallo Creek has large tracts of uncleared sandplain heath surrounding the woodland areas where the birds nest. Manmanning is cleared farmland with small discrete patches of uncleared land surrounding homesteads, along some roads and along parts of the railway line. The birds breeding at Manmanning produce fewer offspring per breeding unit than at Coomallo Creek, and Manmanning nestlings have a slower growth rate and lower fledging weight than Coomallo Creek nestlings. It is suggested that the different success is because at Manmanning food is patchily distributed and scarcer. The patchy distribution causes the birds to spend considerable time gathering food and commuting to and from their nests. In hot weather when foraging time is reduced the birds may not have enough time to satisfy their own requirements as well as those of their offspring.The provision of corridors of uncleared vegetation linking reserves would lead the birds from one source of food to the next and probably overcome the problem.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9770180

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYTingay, A., S. Tingay and J. Goodsell. 1977. Report of a management program for Black Swans in south-western Australia. Emu 77: 185–187.This paper gives details of a successful management experiment for the Black Swan on the Broadwater Lake, WA. Losses of clutches were reduced by the modification of existing nesting mounds and the provision of artificial nests; controls of water-level increased the value of the lake as a summer refuge.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9770185

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYKeast, D. 1977. Avian parasites and infectious diseases. Emu 77: 188–192.Current interest in the biological resources of Australia and the possible impact of large-scale ecological developments such as man-made lakes and national reserves demands that the parasites and infectious diseases (health patterns) of its wild fauna are fully delineated and studied in detail. A short selected review outlines aspects associated with avifauna, where contributions have been made to the understanding of the role of these organisms with respect to avifauna in general. Detailed study of the subject in Australia is lacking.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9770188

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYRooke, I. J., and T. A. Knight. 1977. Alarm calls of honeyeaters with reference to locating sources of sound. Emu 77: 193–198.The alarm calls that are given in response to a flying hawk by the New Holland HoneyeaterPhylidonyris novaehollandiae, the White-plumed HoneyeaterLichenostomus penicillatusand the White-naped Honey- eaterMelithreptus lunatusare described. Animals locate sources of sound by comparing differences in intensity, phase and timing cues of the incident sound at each ear. These processes are explained and previous explanation is criticized. Some animals create more directional cues from incident sound with pinna. The structure of the alarm calls of honeyeaters makes them easy to locate and some honeyeaters possess specialized ear-feathers that may function as pinna. The function of the alarm calls is discussed with reference to survival value.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9770193

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYMaclean, G. L. 1977. Comparative notes on Black-fronted and Red-kneed Dotterels. Emu 77: 199–207.The Black-fronted DotterelCharadrius melanopsis a typical member of its genus, showing strong behavioural, morphological and ecological affinities with C.tricollarisof Africa. It inhabits mainly firm gravelly shorelines of fresh inland waters. It is not gregarious. The clutch is two or three eggs laid in a sparsely lined scrape among stones from four to 300 metres from water. The eggs look very like stones.The Red-kneed DotterelErythrogonys cinctusis a somewhat aberrant charadriine plover inhabiting muddy shores of shallow temporary inland waters. It is highly gregarious. The clutch is four eggs laid on a substantial nest platform built under a plant on mud at, or close to, water level. The markings of the eggs are unusual. The highly aquatic adults and young have unique plumage characteristics; these and other peculiar behavioural, morphological and ecological features justify the position of this species in a monotypic genus.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9770199

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1977

数据来源: Taylor