摘要:

SUMMARYParry, V. 1973. The auxiliary social system and its effect on territory and breeding in Kookaburras. Emu 73:81–100.Kookaburras are social and live in territories with either a single permanent mate or a family consisting of a mate and one or more auxiliary members. Auxiliaries form one third of the adult population; they are non-breeding birds, the progeny of previous seasons that remains round the year and aids in defence, nest attendance and provisioning of young. The auxiliary social system operates because of uniform plumage and a strict territorial regime.Size of territory was correlated with the number of birds present at the time when boundary adjustments were made. It is determined by the amount of space the birds can successfully defend. Auxiliaries occupy the same space in the same habitat as breeders, so reducing the breeding potential of the population by about one third.Small clutches hatched asynchronously. Nestlings of pairs and families received the same amount of food and had similar rates of growth but pairs without auxiliaries produced 1.2 fledgelings per pair, those with auxiliaries produced 2.3 fledgelings per pair. Mortality among juveniles of families was less, probably because they received more care than young of pairs.Auxiliaries contributed up to 32 per cent of nest-attendance time and up to 60 per cent of food-items brought, thus allowing the pair of the family freedom from nesting duties not available to single pairs and the opportunity to rear a second brood in good seasons. Because egg-laying to independence from care takes sixteen to eighteen weeks, second broods probably could not be reared by pairs without auxiliaries.The auxiliary system appears to be a long-term adaptation for reducing fertility in accord with longevity incurred from living in the equable Bassian Region. But short-term regulation of the population appears to be achieved through mortality from asynchronous hatching and the ability of families to rear two broods.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU973081

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYRobinson, R. D. 1973. The white-breasted petrels of southern Australian waters. Emu: 73: 101–106. Many beach-washed white-breasted petrels were found in November 1969. Some could not be separated asPuffinus gaviaorP. huttoni.Skins were sent to Mr F. C. Kinsky who found that some specimens ofP. gaviahad bills that were longer than expected. Skins from Australian museums were then examined, in all 45gaviaand eighthuttoni.Two specimens collected in 1939 are reviewed.P. gaviais shown to be the most common white-breasted petrel in South Australian waters;P. huttonioccurs in much smaller numbers than supposed.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU973101

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYVestjens, W. J. M. 1973. Wildlife mortality on a road in New South Wales. Emu 73: 107–112. From July 1970 to June 1972 1,675 animals of eighty-seven species killed by traffic were found by monthly counts along 301 kilometres of road between Canberra, ACT, and Lake Cowal, NSW. The incidents involved birds (65.9%), mammals (29.1%), reptiles (4.9%) and amphibia (0.1%). One bird was found every thirteen kilometres, one mammal every thirty kilometres and one reptile every 176 kilometres. Black-backed Magpies accounted for 37 per cent of the birds, rabbits for 40 per cent of the mammals, and Common Bearded Dragons for 55 per cent of the reptiles.Most birds were killed during the spring and summer and were mainly young. The highest numbers of animals killed per kilometre were on bitumen roads running through savanna woodland.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU973107

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFord, J., and S. A. Parker. 1973. A second species of Wedgebill? Emu 73: 113–118. The populations currently known asPsophodes cristatus(=Sphenostoma cristatum) appear to consist of two separate species, morphologically only slightly distinguishable but with distinctly different songs and ecologies. Apparently they have been geographically isolated by the Eyrean Barrier, but now meet on the north-western side of Lake Eyre. The eastern species becomes known atPsophodes cristatus(Gould) and the westernP. occidentalis(Mathews).

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU973113

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYHeron, S. J. 1973. Birds of Goonoo State Forest, NSW. Emu 73: 119–123.An annotated list of the birds observed in the Goonoo State Forest is given, based on observations made from 12 May until 1 December 1972. This is supplemented by data provided by several ornithologists from 1952, 1959, 1963 and 1965. The habitat is described with a short discussion on how climate affects the number of species present and their breeding behaviour. 110 species are described.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU973119

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYZwart, M. H. 1973. Breeding and behaviour of Pilotbirds. Emu 73: 124–128.Three pairs of Pilotbirds were studied in Sherbrooke Forest. Vic., from 1968 to 1973. Territories were well defined, 10,000 to 15,000 m2. Females alone build the nest, which is lined with feathers usually after the eggs are laid and is often near a log and usually less than 1 m from the ground. Eggs are probably usually laid at intervals of two days. Clutch is normally two eggs, occasionally one. The incubation is 20–22 days and the nestling period 14–17 days, perhaps longer in earlier than in later broods, of which there may be three in the season. Total breeding success in seventeen nests was 61 per cent. Fan-tailed Cuckoos parasitized nests unsuccessfully. Calls and behaviour are described.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU973124

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYHARRISON, C. J. O. 1973. The zoogeographical dispersal of the genusChrysococcyx.Emu 73: 129–133. An evolutionary dispersal of the genus of small cuckoos,Chrysococcyx, from a centre of origin in Gondwanaland has been suggested by Marchant. This is questioned on grounds of the present distributional pattern, the time involved, and the size of the birds. An alternative hypothesis of evolution and spedation, based on dispersal from a tropical centre of origin, is proposed, with a single invasion of Africa from the north and possibly three successive invasions of Australasia from the Oriental region.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU973129

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU973134a

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU973134b

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU973134c

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor