摘要:

SUMMARYPHILLIPS, R. E. 1980. Behaviour and systematics of New Zealand plovers. Emu 80: 177–197.Courtship behaviour and related aspects of reproduction in four endemic and a fifth self-introduced species of plover in New Zealand are described and used to suggest that the monotypic genusAnarhynchusbe merged withCharadriusand thatCharadriusis also the proper genus forobscurus.The close similarities between patterns of courtship behaviour ofbicinctus, obscurus, frontalisandalexandrinussupport Bock's (1958) grouping of them together and further indicate that they are a closely related subgroup within the genusCharadrius.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1080/01584197.1980.11799274

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYWilliams, A. J. 1980. Variation in weight of eggs and its effect on the breeding biology of the Great Skua. Emu 80: 198–202.Eggs of the Great SkuaStercorarius skua lonnbergiat Marion Island had a mean weight of 111.7 grams (SD 7.7 g), with a maximum range of eighteen grams within a clutch. Differences in weight were related to composition and mortality of the eggs and to the weight of chicks at hatching but not to mortality of chicks. Positive relations were found between weight of eggs and the growth of chicks until forty-five days after hatching. Fast development of the primaries in chicks from heavy eggs suggested that these have a shorter fledging period than those from light eggs. Heavy eggs presumably provide more provisions for the hatchlings, which probably leads to an earlier start of the specific pattern of growth.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1080/01584197.1980.11799275

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSchodde, R., I. J. Mason, M. L. Dudzinski and J. L. McKean. 1980. Variation in the Striated HeronButorides striatusin Australasia. Emu 80: 203–212.Some populations ofButorides striatusare dimorphic. Rufous birds, which predominate over grey only in coastal midwestern Australia, appear to be morphs in which phaeomelanin replaces eumelanin in greater than usual concentrations. In normally pigmented (grey) forms there is geographical variation in depth of colour and in size. Apart from the usual trend for northern populations to be smaller than those farther south, variation is irregular and of the chequer-board pattern: populations in eastern Australia and the Solomon Islands are large and dark, those from western New Guinea to the Moluccas small and dark and those in north-western Australia, south-eastern New Guinea and the Meervlakte of northern New Guinea small and pale; populations of the second and third group intergrade in the Trans-Fly of southern New Guinea. Thus, it is difficult to trace geographical relations and routes of dispersal in the region; the patchwork variation in colour is thought to have resulted from random fixation in small founding populations.The following subspecies are accepted:stagnatilisin coastal mid- and north-western Australia east to the Gulf of Carpentaria;macrorhynchusin coastal eastern Australia north to Cape York Peninsula;flyensisin coastal southeastern New Guinea;moluccarumin western New Guinea and adjacent islands west to the Moluccas;idenburgiin the Meervlakte of north-western New Guinea; andsolomonensisin the Solomon Islands and New Ireland.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1080/01584197.1980.11799276

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYPaton, D. C. 1980. The importance of manna, honeydew and lerp in the diets of honeyeaters. Emu 80: 213–226.Honeyeaters mainly collected manna, honeydew or lerp off the foliage and bark of eucalypts and not insects as has been previously reported. These carbohydrates were more abundant than insects and other invertebrates on the foliage or bark, offered energy rewards similar to those from nectar and were widespread, occurring in many habitats. Manna, honeydew and lerp have chemical compositions similar to nectar and were used as substitutes by many honeyeaters. Honeyeaters shifted feeding sites and showed seasonal movements with changes in the distribution and abundance of these resources and nectar. Manna, honeydew and lerp are important in the ecology of many honeyeaters.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1080/01584197.1980.11799277

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBell, H. L. 1980. Composition and seasonality of mixed-species feeding flocks of insectivorous birds in the Australian Capital Territory. Emu 80: 227–232.Data are presented on 105 mixed-species feeding flocks of insectivorous birds on Black Mountain, ACT. About half of the sixty-nine species present participated in flocks, with an average of about four species per flock. Flocks were dominated by species that themselves form flocks and up to five such species were present at one time. Marked seasonal change occurred, with flocking activity greatest in winter and lowest in the spring breeding season. Individual species also displayed seasonal differences in participation. The generaAcanthizaandMalurusappear to behave as nucleus species, round which flocks are formed.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9800227

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSkira, I. J. and J. E. Wapstra. 1980. Occupation of burrows as a means of estimating the harvest of Short-tailed Shearwaters in Tasmania. Emu 80: 233–238.The harvest of Short-tailed Shearwater chicks during the 1977, 1978 and 1979 seasons was estimated by counting burrows along transects in colonies before and after the season. Analysis of results showed that only five transects, each 100 metres long, were required to estimate accurately the proportion of burrows occupied. During incubation in December the mean percentage of burrows occupied in the 1979 season was seventy-six per cent. Before the season opened in March, it declined to between thirty-five and sixty-five per cent each season. Counting in April after the season showed that, in the colony reserved for non-commercial or private use, over eighty per cent of the chicks originally present in March were taken but at the colony reserved for commercial purposes the mean crop over three seasons was thirty-five per cent. Short-tailed Shearwaters are in no danger from exploitation but some heavily harvested colonies could be.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1080/01584197.1980.11799279

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1080/01584197.1980.11799280

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1080/01584197.1980.11799281

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1080/01584197.1980.11799282

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1080/01584197.1980.11799283

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor