摘要:

SUMMARYReilly, P. N., and J. M. Cullen. 1979. The Little PenguinEudyptula minorin Victoria, I: Mortality of adults. Emu 79: 97–102.The Little PenguinEudyptula minorhas been studied at Phillip Island, Vic., for nine seasons. The mean annual survival rate of breeding adults is estimated at 85.8 per cent, giving a mortality rate of 14.2 per cent per annum and a life expectancy of 6.5 years. Estimates for males and for females do not differ significantly. Birds that moved from the study area after breeding once have not been taken into account. Places, times and causes of mortality are given, where known.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790097

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFord, J. 1979. Speciation or subspeciation in the yellow robins? Emu 79: 103–106.Whether the yellow robinsEopsaltria australisandE.griseogularisare species or subspecies is uncertain if their relationship is judged solely on their degree of morphological differentiation. Strong similarities in their calls, ecology and behaviour suggest that they are probably conspecific. The taxonomic need to treataustralisandgriseogularisas species is obviated by not giving subspecific names to their clinal variants.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790103

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBoles, W. E. 1979. The relationships of the Australo-Papuan flycatchers. Emu 79: 107–110.Australo-Papuan flycatchers, robins, monarchs, fantails, whistlers and shrike-thrushes have been divided among four different subdivisions of flycatchers, ranging from tribal to familial level. Gradation with other groups, such as babblers and thrushes, and the adaptive nature of most taxonomic characters used in the systematics of flycatchers have created problems in delimitation of higher taxa. A synthesis of the previously unused characters of syringeal morphology and egg-white protein show that the Australo-Papuan flycatcher complex is part of a larger, nearly endemic assemblage of passerines that is not particularly close to the other Old World muscicapine flycatchers. Monarchs and fantails are closely allied and the robin-flycatchers grade into whistlers and shrike-thrushes. Because they are closely related and because their inclusion with the typical flycatchers produces a polyphyletic grouping, the complex of Australo-Papuan flycatchers is segregated as a distinct family, the Pachycephalidae.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790107

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYCrome, F. H. J., and H. E. Brown. 1979. Notes on social organization and breeding of the Orange-footed ScrubfowlMegapodius reinwardt.Emus 79: 111–119.Twenty-eight mounds ofMegapodius reinwardtwere surveyed in the area of Clifton Beach, north of Cairns, Queensland. Detailed observations and temperature were recorded at one mound near Sweet Creek. Three pairs of birds successively used the mound during fifty-four months. The third pair shared the mound with a fourth for two months. During this shared occupation the pairs never worked together and confrontations rarely occurred. The fourth pair did little work other than digging holes for eggs. Territories appeared to be advertised by nocturnal calling. The third pair, which was observed most, worked throughout the year, the male more than the female. The temperature regime of the mound is described. The site of the egg was always a little warmer than the rest of the mound and reached a maximum of 38°C. The third pair laid twelve eggs during the breeding season of 1973–74 when they occupied the mound alone.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790111

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYNoske, R. A. 1979. Co-existence of three species of treecreepers in north-eastern New South Wales. Emu 79: 120–128.The White-throatedClimacteris leucophaea, Red-browedC. erythropsand BrownC. picumnusTree- creepers are sympatric in south-eastern Australia. All three appear to feed largely on ants. I compared the ecology and behaviour of these birds in the non-breeding season of 1976 at Wollomombi Falls, forty kilo-metres east of Armidale, NSW. Here the three species occur in the same habitat and may be seen foraging on the same trees at the same time.The Brown spent almost half its time on the ground or on logs but the Red-browed and White-throated foraged almost entirely on trees. The last two species occurred at similar heights and on branches of similar sizes but on different types of trees and had different foraging techniques. The White-throated mostly foraged by pecking and excavating pieces of bark from rough-barked trees such as stringybarks. The Red-browed typically peered and probed into ribbons of bark hanging from smooth-barked trees such as Yellow BoxEucalyptus melliodora.These two species also differed in social organization; the White-throated was territorial and usually solitary but the Red-browed occurred in groups of three or four individuals.In aggressive encounters the larger Brown Treecreeper dominated the other two. The Red-browed always dominated the White-throated although these two species are similar in size.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790120

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYJohnstone, G. W. 1979. Agonistic behaviour of the giant-petrelsMacronectes giganteusandM. hallifeeding at seal carcasses. Emu 79: 129–132.At the islands where they breed, the two giant-petrels derive only a small part of their diet from seals that die ashore. Both species behaved similarly when feeding on seal carcasses at Macquarie Island. However,M. halli, the less abundant species, adapted to the Subantarctic, was more frequently recorded at this source of food than the more numerousM. giganteus, adapted to the Antarctic; yet in disputes at the carcasses,M. giganteuswas more aggressive and more successful. This may be explained by the far greater availability of dead seals in the Subantarctic than the Antarctic. Consequently,M. hallihas a greater tendency thanM. giganteusto eat this food but selection for aggressiveness while doing so may have been greater inM. giganteus.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790129

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYOlsen, P., W. J. M. Vestjens and J. Olsen. 1979. Observations on the diet of the Australian KestrelFalco cenchroides.Emu 79: 133–138.The diet of the Australian KestrelFalco cenchroideswas studied from castings and remains of food collected during nesting, from contents of digestive tracts and from castings collected during a plague of mice. Spiders, centipedes and, in particular, insects were taken in large numbers and composed most of the diet by number. Grasshoppers and crickets, followed by beetles and moths in various developmental stages, were the most common and regular insects. Small reptiles, small birds and mice made up the vertebrate component of the diet. Mice became the major prey during a plague.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790133

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790139

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790140

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790141

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor