摘要:

SUMMARYDIAMOND, JARED M. 1985. New distributional records and taxa from the outlying mountain ranges of New Guinea. Emu 85: 65–91.The mountains of New Guinea consist of the Central Range plus 19 outlying ranges. I report distributional and taxonomic novelties from the first explorations of four of these outliers, plus re-explorations of five others. The summit elevation and history of exploration are also described for each outlier. Thirty new outlier populations were discovered for superspecies represented by endemic species on outliers. New taxa described are three subspecies ofPeneothello cryptoleucus(Kumawa Mts),Pachycephalopsis hattamensis(Yapen Island), andMelipotes fumigatus(Kumawa Mts), and aPachycephalaprovisionally included inP. soror(Kumawa Mts). Taxa for which provisional diagnoses are formulated but which are not now named because of limited specimens include aRallicula(Foja Mts) and races ofEupetes castanonotus(Foja and Kumawa Mts),Crateroscelis robusta(Foja and Kumawa Mts),Sericornis virgatus(Fakfak and Kumawa Mts),Poecilodryas albispecularis(Foja and Kumawa Mts), aPachycephala(Fakfak Mts),Ailuroedus crassirostris(Kumawa Mts), andPtiloprora erythropleura(Kumawa and Fakfak Mts). Species lines inthe Parotiasuperspecies are reconsidered. First records includeAccipiter buergersifor Irian Jaya,A. meyerianusfor the Irian Jaya mainland,Ptilinopus viridisfor the Papua New Guinea mainland, andTregellasia leucopsandPachycephalopsis hattamensisfor any offshore island. A newParotiapopulation found in the Foja Mts may possibly be the long-lostP. carolae berlepschi.The bowerbirdAmblyornis inornatuswas found in the Kumawa Mts and probably in the Fakfak Mts. Vocalizations and habits are described for little-known species including those represented by new taxa plusAquila gurneyi, Psittaculirostris salvadorii, Sericornis rufescens, Monarcha rubiensis, Peneothello bimaculatus, Timeliopsis griseigula, Melidectes leucostephes, Meliphaga montana, andPtiloprora mayri.Speciation and distribution of endemic taxa on the outliers are analyzed, with the conclusion that the flow of species has been overwhelmingly from Central Range to outliers, not vice versa.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850065

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFORD, J. 1985. Secondary contact between subspecies of the White-browed Scrub-wren in eastern Australia. Emu 85: 92–96.The buff-breasted subspecieslaevigasterand olive-breasted subspeciesfrontalisof the White-browed Scrub-wrenSericornis frontalisintergrade sharply in the region of the McPherson Range; elsewhere in eastern coastal Australia each subspecies varies insignificantly. Congruency of this hybrid zone with hybrid zones in three other pairs of taxa indicates that the scrub-wrens acquired their differences in allopatry and are now in secondary contact.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850092

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYGILL, B.J., and D.D. DOW, 1985. Waking and roosting of Grey-crowned BabblersPomatostomus temporalisin south-east Queensland during spring. Emu 85: 97–105.From August to December 1980 we studied the social roosting of two groups of communally breeding Grey-crowned BabblersPomatostomus temporalisto try to discover why birds entered or left the roost at the observed times. Stepwise multiple regressions showed that time of sunrise (or sunset) was the most important predictor of departure (or roosting) time, as expected, followed by light intensity and then cloud cover. Temperature and relative humidity were statistically unimportant, except for one group (Group 51) at roosting, where humidity appeared to be a significant variable. However, humidity was directly correlated with cloud cover and may thus have been only indirectly related to roosting. Group 51 roosted significantly earlier than Group 56, but tended to leave the roost earlier as well. Therefore both groups were active for about the same length of time each day. Group 51 roosted earlier relative to sunset as the season progressed, whereas Group 56 showed no such tendency. The observed differences between groups cannot reflect different ecological factors, because the groups occupied physically similar adjacent home ranges. Instead, they suggest a random effect of social behaviour on an otherwise straightforward set of responses.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850097

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYWOINARSKI, J.C.Z. and C. BULMAN, 1985. Ecology and breeding biology of the Forty-spotted Pardalote and other pardalotes on North Bruny Island. Emu 85: 106–120.The second largest known colony of the rare Forty-spotted PardalotePardalotus quadragintusis on North Bruny Island (Tas). We spent from September to December 1983 at this colony. There were 86 breeding adults on a 55 ha study site (with c. 50 and 22 individuals for the co-existing StriatedP. striatusand SpottedP. punctatusPardalotes respectively).P. punctatusheld large (= 3.4 ha) non-overlapping territories.P. quadragintusheld small (= 0.7 ha) territories with little overlap.P. striatusdid not defend territories. Bothpunctatus(males) andquadragintus(males, but also some females) responded vigorously to playbacks of recorded calls of their own species, but there was little evidence of interspecific territoriality. Bothquadragintusandstriatushad a somewhat clumped dispersion of nests. The choice of nest-site differed between species, with mostquadragintusnests (N = 24) in hollows in dead wood (especially cut-off stumps),striatusnests (N = 15) in hollows of living timber or in tunnels on the ground andpunctatusnests (N = 5) only in ground tunnels. Most nests were apparently successful.P. striatusstarted nesting later than the other species. All species had some clutches. Predation of nest contents was rare.P. quadragintus, at least, may show strong nest-site fidelity.All pardalote species, but particularlyquadragintus, foraged disproportionately inEucalyptus viminalis.Foliage of that species was comparatively rich in arthropods and, more critically, in the exudate, manna. This was a major diet item for all pardalotes (and particularly forquadragintusandpunctatus). There was some interspecific aggression associated with foraging, with a distinct dominance hierarchy from Black-headed HoneyeaterMelithreptus affinis(weight = 16.4 g) toquadragintus(10.7 g) tostriatus(13.6 g) topunctatus(9.2 g).P. quadragintusindividuals averaged onlyc.5 mins/day in these interspecific encounters.The survival of this colony may be jeopardized by habitat modification, through either change in fire regime or further clearing and fragmentation. This would affect not only availability of nest-sites but also potential for local post- breeding dispersal. The latter may be critical because of a presumed winter decline and unpredictability of food resources and becausequadragintushas a wing shape which appears to be unsuited for dispersal over long distances.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850106

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYWOODALL, P.F. 1985. Crested and Feral Pigeons feeding on fig-seeds: commensalism, feeding-rates and vigilance. Emu 85: 121–125.Crested PigeonsOcyphaps lophotesand Feral PigeonsColumba liviawere observed feeding on fig-seeds which had passed through the digestive tract of FigbirdsSphecotheres viridisand so had become available to ground feeders. Although Figbirds and fig-fruits were present throughout the year, most pigeons fed on fig-seeds from March to May. A higher proportion of Crested Pigeons than Feral Pigeons fed on fig-seeds and for both species, this proportion appeared to be increasing over the 2-year study period. Crested Pigeons had a higher peck rate, a lower pace rate and thus higher feeding efficiency than Feral Pigeons. Crested Pigeons in large flocks peck more often and jerk their heads less often (predator surveillance) than in small flocks.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850121

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850126

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850127

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850130

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850134

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850135

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor