摘要:

SUMMARYBell, H.L. 1982. A bird community of lowland rain forest in New Guinea. 2. Seasonality. Emu 82: 65–74.Only nineteen out of ninety-six regularly observed species of birds in a rainforest site in New Guinea showed significant periodical changes in abundance. Two rails and two pittas decreased in the dry season, perhaps because the hard ground hindered their feeding. A wren-warbler and a rail responded to man-made changes in habitat. A swift shifted its roosting sites periodically. Six species of lorikeets and two species of fruit-doves and one pigeon fluctuated in abundance in relation to the flowering and fruiting of trees. Three species of insectivores, probably from Australia, visited in the austral winter.Arboreal carnivores and mixed feeders tended to breed in the dry season, ground-feeding carnivores and granivores in the wet season and frugivores bred throughout the year. Breeding success was generally low (3 out of 24 open-nests, and 11 out of 14 hole nests were successful).

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820065

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSAIFF, E.I. 1982. The middle ear of the skull of the Kiwi. Emu 82: 75–79.The middle ear region, base of the skull and the quadrate are described for the kiwis,Apteryx australisandA. oweni.Kiwis share with flamingos (Phoenicopteridae) and storks (Ciconiidae) a vertical bar of bone which divides the middle ear region into fore and aft compartments. Kiwis share the presence of a large anterior tympanic recess with the Ciconiiformes and a number of Pelicaniformes including pelicans and frigate birds.Apteryxhas pneumatic foramina at the anterior portion of the anterior tympanic recess; these are lacking in Pelicaniformes, Ciconiiformes and Ostriches.Kiwis and Ostriches share several characters including the site where the stapedial artery distributes from the carotid, and the presence of a jugular vein—carotid artery complex in the upper region of the neck. These two forms differ in the location of the stapedial artery as it travels through the middle ear and the position of the entrance to the upper tympanic recess with respect to the quadrate—squamosal articulation.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820075

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFRIEND, G.R., 1982 Bird populations in exotic pine plantations and indigenous eucalypt forests in Gippsland, Victoria, Emu 82: 80–91.Bird populations inPinus radiataplantations of different ages and in native eucalypt forests were studied in Gippsland, Victoria. Few species occurred in pine plantations, particularly the young stands (<5 years old) and species composition changed so that those with certain characteristics were favoured. The commonest species in pine plantations generally were insectivorous, fed on the ground or in the understorey and built open nests in shrubs or trees; herbivorous species and those that fed in the canopy or on boles of eucalypts were uncommon or absent from pine plantations.The vertical distribution and density of foliage in the lower levels of the forests influenced bird species diversity and composition. The population in pine plantations becomes more similar to that in eucalypt forest as the plantation ages.Subdivision of the areas studied showed that most birds in dense middle-aged pine plantations were restricted to the edges of compartments. In plantations, areas of native forest, firebreaks, dams or clearings added to diversity of the habitat, and provided for more individuals and species of birds. Ecotonal areas between pine and eucalypt forest were especially important, and supported significantly more individuals than did the adjacent pines.Birds will probably be less severely affected by conversion of eucalypt forests to pine plantations if plantations are established as a mosaic of different-aged stands, with interconnecting areas of eucalypt forest retained throughout.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820080

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYTHOMAS, G. 1982. The food and feeding ecology of the Light-mantled Sooty Albatross at South Georgia. Emu 82: 92–100The diet of the Light-mantled Sooty AlbatrossPhoebetria palpebratabreeding at South Georgia is described on the basis of quantitative analysis of thirty-seven food samples from chicks and nine from adults. Squid and krillEuphausia superbawere the main components by weight and by frequency of occurrence, although fish were also taken.Identifiable fish were chiefly myctophids; measurable krill were mature individuals. Of the eleven species of squid recorded, the most important wereMesonychoteuthissp A (by numbers) and?Discoteuthissp (by weight). These species are hardly taken at all by the other two squid-eating albatrosses at South Georgia. There are few detailed similarities between the squid taken byP. palpebrataat South Georgia and those recorded in an analysis of regurgitated pellets at Marion Island.Frequency of feeding of chicks and observations of birds at sea suggest thatP. palpebratacan forage more widely during the breeding season than Black-browed and Grey-headed Albatrosses. Ecological segregation from these is thought to be achieved by a combination of differences in foraging range and area and by differences in the detailed composition of the diet.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820092

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSIBLEY, C.G. and J.E. AHLQUIST. 1981. The relationships of the Australo-Papuan scrub-robinsDrymodesas indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Emu 82: 101–105.The taxonomic relationships ofDrymodeswere examined by comparing the single-copy DNA sequences of radio-iodine-labelledD. brunneopygiaDNA with the DNAs of thirty-seven other genera of oscine passerines (Passeres). Of the taxa examined, the scrub-robins were found to be most closely related toEopsaltriaandPoecilodryas, and to be distant from the true thrushes (e.g.Turdus, Erithacus). Drymodesis a member of a varied assemblage of mostly endemic Australasian taxa that includes the Australian robins, flycatchers, monarchs, fantails, whistlers, shrike-thrushes, pitohuis, shrike-tits, the Crested Bellbird, and the quail-thrushes. The wedgebills, woodswallows, and other groups also may be part of this cluster. The honeyeaters, malurine wrens, and Australian magpies, apparently belong to other groups not yet defined in terms of DNA comparisons. The accentors (Prunella), sylviine warblers (Sylvia), white-eyes (Zosterops), muscicapine flycatchers, wagtails (Motacilla), mimic thrushes (Dumetella), starlings, typical wrens (Troglodytes), emberizine sparrows (Zonotrichia) and dippers (Cinclus) are as distant fromDrymodesas are any taxa of oscines the DNAs of which have been compared.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820101

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820106

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820109

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820111

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820112

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820114

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor