摘要:

SUMMARYFJELDSÅ, J. 1985. Classification of waterbird communities in south-eastern Australia. Emu 85: 141–149. The extent to which coincidence in distribution of waterbird species deviates from that expected by chance was examined. Waterbirds form five communities and several subcommunities (associations). Comparisons of localities that have many indicator species of a certain community thus reveal habitat characteristics that may explain the occurrence of many species. The communities correspond in part with habitat categories proposed by Braithwaite (1975). The community pattern found in the Central Highlands is more complex than that of similar climatic zones in Europe and South America, possibly due to immediate and evolutionary effects of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Australian wetlands.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850141

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYHORNE, R.S.C. 1985. Diet of Royal and Rockhopper Penguins at Macquarie Island. Emu 85: 150–156.The diet of RoyalEudyptes schlegeliand RockhopperE. chrysocomePenguins, studied during the 1981/82 breeding season on Macquarie Island, is described. Quantitative analysis was performed on 29 stomach samples from Royal Penguins at Bauer Bay (west coast) and 21 samples from Sandy Bay (east coast). Samples were also obtained from 19 Rockhopper Penguins at Garden Cove (east coast). Principal dietary components were Euphausiids:Euphausia vallentiniandThysanoessa gregaria; Amphipods:Primno macropaandParathemisto gaudichaudi;fish and squid, which were in general unidentifiable. Results of dietary analysis are presented as percent frequency of occurrence, and as percent frequency composition by weight. Considerable differences in dietary composition between the two coasts were observed with fewer euphausiids (45%cf95%) and more amphipods (86% cf 38%) being taken on the west coast than on the east. Length of time that the parent was away from the chick and the fact that, with only minor exceptions, all dietary species were pelagic indicate that these penguins may feed at a considerable distance from the island.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850150

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBENNETT, S.C. 1985. The distribution and status of the Black-breasted Button-quailTurnix melanogaster(Gould, 1837). Emu: 157–162.Most reports of the Black-breasted Button-quail lie in the area between Rockhampton and far north-eastern New South Wales. The decline of the species since European settlement is attributed to the clearing of rainforests, especially‘Bottletree Scrubs’. Black-breasted Button-quail now have a limited and patchy distribution.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850157

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFORD, J. 1985. Species limits and phylogenetic relationships in corellas of theCacatua pastinatorcomplex. Emu 85: 163–180.Three species are strongly indicated in theCacatua pastinatorcomplex of Australia: the eastern long-billedtenuirostris, the western long-billedpastinatorand the short-billedsanguinea.The latter is composed of five subspecies (three in Australia and two overseas). New information indicates thatpastinatorandsanguineabecame sympatric in the northern wheatbelt of south-western Australia about 75 years ago through man's agricultural activities yet rarely, if ever, hybridize. Multivariate analyses revealed only one possible hybrid in 176 adult specimens from the overlap zone. Though the northern population ofpastinatoris morphometrically intermediate between the southern population ofpastinatorand that ofsanguineain the Pilbara, no support was found for the intermediacy having been caused by either an ancient-cline involving all three population or past introgression. A re-examination of character states in the complex indicates thatpastinatorandtenuirostrismight not have independently acquired a long-tipped bill. If previous diagnoses of ancestral and derived character states are accepted, the most parsimonious sequence of events requirestenuirostrisandpastinatorto have evolved from a common long-billed ancestor. If a critical character intenuirostrisis reassessed as ancestral and if only progressive character state changes are permitted, a cladogram showing a convergence in bill length is obtained. However, if reversals are permitted, parsimoniously derived cladograms indicate other evolutionary possibilities. Genetic data are required for further eludication of phylogenetic relationships in the complex.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850163

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYWHITE, F.W.G. 1985. Microgeographic variation in the songs of the Olive Whistler in Kosciusko National Park. Emu 85: 181–187.Ten different song-types of the Olive WhistlerPachycephala olivaceawere recorded in three areas of Kosciusko National Park. Irregular changes in the pattern of vocal units in some song types and the sequence of introduction of the different types in a bout of singing are described. There is some evidence for microgeographic variation in song structure among the populations of the three regions. The functions of some song-types are presented.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850181

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYNOSKE, R.A. 1985. Huddle-roosting behaviour of the Varied SittellaDaphoenositta chrysopterain relation to social status. Emu 85: 188–194.The Varied SittellaDaphoenositta chrysopterais a small communally-breeding passerine. Throughout the year, the members of a group roost together, huddling alongside each other on a dead branch, facing the same way. In one marked group of five to seven birds, the two oldest males were usually the first to arrive at the roost-sites, and always occupied the end positions of the huddle. The breeding female was usually third to arrive, but her position in the huddle, as with the remaining group members, changed unpredictably during the period of study. The outermost male, which had the least restricted view, stayed awake longer than the other group members, suggesting a guard role. The juveniles were the first to go to sleep, possibly due to lack of responsibility. The ritualised submissive behaviour of the non-breeding male towards the breeding male, and aggressive interactions between other group members, when arriving at the roost indicate that the roost-site is an important place for reinforcing, and perhaps even establishing, dominance relations. Although predation and social cohesion undoubtedly influence the roosting behaviour of this species, the primary function of huddling is probably energy conservation.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850188

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850195

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850198

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850200

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850202

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor