摘要:

SUMMARYOlsen, P.D., J. Olsen and N.J. Mooney. 1982. Growth and development of nestling Brown Goshawks,Accipiter fasciatus, with details of breeding biology. Emu 82: 189–194.The nesting chronology of one captive (5 nestings) and two wild pairs of Brown GoshawkAccipiter fasciatus, and the growth and development of twelve captive-bred and five wild-bred nestlings are described. Nest building commenced three to four weeks before egg-laying and involved both partners. Moult in the female started, at the innermost primary, about five days before the first egg was laid. Clutch size was two to four (median 3) and eggs were laid at two to four day intervals (median 2) with incubation usually commencing with the second egg. Incubation, by both sexes, lasted thirty days (range 29–31). amongst the shortest recorded for accipiters. Nestlings hatched in a coat of sparse white down which was gradually replaced by a thicker, browner, down by twelve days of age. At six days wing pins had emerged and at eight days tail pins. Fledging occurred at thirty to thirty-one days (range 28–37). Males usually reached various developmental and plumage stages a day or so before females. Wing length increased linearly between the emergence of the wing pins and thirty-five days of age and gave the best estimate of age. Weight increase was more or less sigmoid; adult weight was reached by fledging in males and slightly after fledging in females. Females were not consistently separable from males by weight until about three weeks of age, and their wing and tail length were similar to those of males until about seven weeks of age. Some methods for the estimation of age and sex are given. Growth rates were rapid in relation to body size.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820189

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYNORMAN, F.I. 1982. Eggs, egg—laying and incubation in the Chestnut Teal. Emu 82:195–198.Eggs, egg-laying and incubation were examined for Chestnut TealAnas castaneausing nest boxes in Victoria. The average egg measured 38.4×53.3 mm, and recently-laid eggs weighed about 44 g. Completed clutches averaged 10.1 eggs, and most eggs were laid at intervals of one day, but in larger clutches the average interval between eggs was lower and suggested that‘dump’egg-laying was taking place. Down generally appeared when about eight eggs had been laid. Losses of eggs throughout the study, attributed to avian predators, may have modified some results and certainly reduced productivity. Incubation averaged 26.6 days for the few eggs followed in the boxes, a result similar to the 25.8 days for eggs hatched artificially. Some aspects of‘dump’nesting are discussed in relation to the Chestnut Teal, a species that regularly uses artificial nest boxes.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820195

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYSibley, C.G. and J.E. Ahlquist. 1982. The relationships of the Australasian whistlersPachycephalaas indicated by DNA—DNA hybridization. Emu 82: 199–202.The taxonomic relationships of the Australasian whistlers, or thickheads, were examined by comparing the radioiodine-labelled single-copy DNA sequences of the Golden WhistlerPachycephala pectoraliswith the DNAs of fifty-five other species, representing fifty genera of oscine passerine birds (Passeres). Of the taxa examined,Pachycephalawas found to be most closely related to other species ofPachycephala, toPitohui, Colluricincla, Oreoica, Falcunculus, Rhagologus, andDaphoenositta, in that order.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820199

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYFORD, H.A. and J.F. PURSEY. 1982. Status and feeding of the Eastern SpinebillAcanthorhynchus tenuirostrisat New England National Park, north-eastern NSW. Emu 82: 203–211.The Eastern Spinebill is the commonest bird at a site, primarily in dry sclerophyll forest, at 1,500 m in north-eastern New South Wales. Three other species of honeyeaters are common and seven other species occur. There is a large influx of Spinebills in autumn, which coincides with the start of flowering ofBanksia collina, the nectar of which is a major source of energy during winter. Numbers fall again in spring asB. collinaflowers decline.Banksia integrifoliais an important nectar source in autumn and flowers ofEpacris longiflora, Streptothamnus beckleri, Meullerina celastroidesandAmyemasp are also visited. We found little evidence of breeding at the site, most juveniles were caught in summer. Spinebills moult in autumn. They are heavier in winter and have more visible fat.Only 6% of Spinebills that were banded were recaptured, those banded in summer being more likely to be recaptured. The daily production of nectar at peak flowering of 5.collina(26,000 kJ/ha) is as high as any found elsewhere in southeastern Australia. In most of other sites where nectar is prolific medium-sized or large honeyeaters are common. The abundance of the small Spinebills at this rich site is hard to explain.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820203

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBURBIDGE, A.A. and P.J. FULLER, 1982. Banded Stilt Breeding at Lake Barlee, Western Australia. Emu 82: 212–216.A recently abandoned breeding colony of the Banded Stilt discovered at Lake Barlee, Western Australia, in September 1980, contained 179,000 nests and 255,000 addled eggs and dead chicks. Density of nests was as high as 18/m2.Available data suggest that Banded Stilt colonies continue to be active for long periods while environmental conditions are favourable and that new nests are constructed in areas abandoned by running juveniles, hence the high density of nests.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820212

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYBELL, H.L. A Bird community of lowland rainforest in New Guinea. 4. Birds of secondary vegetation. Emu 82: 217–224.Birds frequenting a strip of secondary vegetation along a road are compared to those in adjacent forest. Fifteen or more resident species and eleven occasional ones were largely confined to the secondary vegetation. Species of the forest canopy also occurred in the secondary vegetation and foraged at heights different from those in the forest. Catches of birds in nets set at ground level were compared between the forest, the roadside growth and a large area of secondary vegetation 4.5 km distant. Similarity in the composition of the catch was 67% between forest and adjacent roadside vegetation, and 46% between forest and secondary growth. Forest species not present in secondary habitat were mostly small insectivorous passerines. Eleven‘species-pairs’occurred with one form largely confined to forest and the other to secondary vegetation.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820217

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820225

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820226

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820227

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9820229

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor