摘要:

SUMMARYSchodde, R., and I. J. Mason. 1979. Revision of the Zitting CisticolaCisticola juncidis(Rafinesque) in Australia, with description of a new subspecies. Emu 79: 49–53.The plumages, morphological characteristics and occurrence of the populations ofCisticola juncidisin Australia are reviewed. Three subspecies are recognized and redescribed; one,laveryi, is described as new, differing fromnormaniin its heavier dorsal streaking in eclipse plumage and from other subspecies in the presence of well-marked cinnamon mirrors in the tails of females in nuptial plumage. Morphological differences betweenC. juncidisandC. exilisin Australia are summarized; shape of wing is critical in separating the two species in eclipse plumage.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790049

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYNorman, F. I., L. W. Thomson and J. G. Hamilton, 1979. Use of habitat and diurnal activity of Pacific Black Duck, Chestnut Teal and Grey Teal at Serendip, Victoria. Emu 79: 54–62.The activities of Pacific Black DucksAnas superciliosa, Chestnut TealA. castanea(adults and non-flying young) and Grey TealA. gibberifronsin a fresh-water habitat and the use made of subdivisions within that habitat were studied by making hourly observations on every seventh day for ten weeks. In the study area most ducks spent the day loafing: Black Ducks fed more (28.6% of observations) than Chestnut Teal (18.3%) and Grey Teal spent little time (7.6%) feeding. Most ducks fed early and late in the day. All species shared all divisions of the habitat for feeding and loafing, the main activities considered, but Chestnut Teal used dead trees and logs more for loafing than the other species, which concentrated on isolated short grassland. Younger ducklings spent most time feeding but older ones tended to resemble adults in time spent in various activities.Any competition for food that may occur between the three species could be reduced by nocturnal dispersal to different feeding areas, by selection of different foods or by the selection of differing sizes of the same food as a consequence of the different sizes of bill.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790054

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYO'Brien, P. H., and D. D. Dow. 1979. Vocalizations of nestling Noisy MinersManorina melanocephala.Emu 79: 63–70.The vocalizations of nestling Noisy Miners were investigated. There was a significant linear regression of rate of vocalization before and after feeding occurred. The rate of vocalization after feeding changed in a predictable way with increasing age of nestlings. The amplitude of vocalizations produced when visitors were present at the nest did not differ significantly from those produced when visitors were absent. There was a correlation between the structure of vocalizations and the time of vocalization. Unlike some other species, the phonic structure of vocalizations by nestlings facilitates location. This may be a consequence of the system of communal breeding by the species and vocalizations by the nestlings may be designed to facilitate location by males so that males can feed them.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790063

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYDow, D. D. 1979. The influence of nests on the social behaviour of males inManorina melanocephala, a communally breeding honeyeater. Emu 79: 71–83.Manorina melanocephalais a communally breeding honeyeater in which several males feed the offspring of a single female. A free-living population of colour-banded birds was observed from 1971 to 1974 in southern Queensland.Males visiting nests were frequently attacked by males previously dominant at that place. Immatures from a female's previous broods in the same year were driven away from the nest by adult males. Sometimes males displayed towards the eggs in the nest and often drove off the incubating female before such display.Females almost never visited the nests of other females and only rarely fed their fledged offspring. Females appeared to learn to leave the nests at the approach of a male and thus incubation could possibly be considerably interrupted when many males visit.Every nest watched had a complement of visiting males, whose number increased as the nest advanced. At least twenty-two males were known to visit one successful nest. Feeding rates of nestlings by males reaching fifty-five per hour; of fledgelings eighty per hour. Females' contributions were additional to these. Males did not restrict their activities to a single nest but often had a much more active role at one. The largest recorded complement (banded males only) attending successive nests of a single female in the same breeding period numbered twenty-four.Spaces in which females were active showed no clustering nor were they confined to the area occupied by a coterie of males. Of nests built by fourteen banded females, an average of 5·2 were visited by thirty-three banded males during systematic watches. The mean number of females visited was 3·8. Males ranking highest in visiting any female also visited more nests and more females than did lower ranking males. No male ranked highest with more than one female. Often females were visited by males from more than one coterie but then always from an adjacent one. When a female nested within the area of a coterie, most visiting males originated there. When a female nested near the common boundary of one or more coteries, males from each visited. Visiting males tended to show a linear relation between rank in visiting activity and distance of their space of activity from a nest. The social system, in general, is complex and unlike any previously described for birds.Although observations of early nests in the breeding period suggest synchrony between close females, analysis did not support widespread synchrony of reproductive activity within a colony.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790071

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790084

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790087

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790089

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9790092

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor