摘要:

SUMMARYSIBLEY, C.G. and J.E. AHLQUIST. 1985. The phylogeny and classification of the Australo-Papuan passerine birds. Emu 85: 1–14.In a series of studies the technique of DNA-DNA hybridization has been used to compare the single-copy nuclear DNAs of all but three of theca70 traditional“families”of the order Passeriformes. The comparisons have included representatives of all of the suprageneric groups of Australo-Papuan passerines recognized by the authors of recent publications.The DNA data show that the Australo-Papuan oscines (Passeres) consist primarily of an old endemic group, the parvorder Corvi, which began its radiationca55–60 million years ago (MYA) and today consists of three superfamilies and ten families. The superfamily Menuroidea includes the Climacteridae, Menuridae, and Ptilonorhynchidae. The Meliphagoidea is composed of the Maluridae, the Meliphagidae, and the Acanthizidae, and the Corvoidea includes the families Eopsaltriidae, Orthonychidae, Pomatostomidae and Corvidae. Many of the groups previously recognized as“families”are reduced to subfamilies or tribes.The Corvi apparently originated in Australia and their sister group, the parvorder Muscicapae, may have originated in Africa, although an origin from an Asian ancestor is not ruled out. Since the Corvi are ten-primaried oscines it is clear that they did not diverge from a South American group. The Muscicapae includes all of the oscine groups not members of the Corvi.As Australia drifted closer to Asia during the late Tertiary, representatives of some of the groups of Corvi dispersed to Asia and radiated there and in other parts of the world. In a reciprocal movement members of the Muscicapae have colonized Australia and New Guinea from Asia.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850001

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYPeter Smith. 1985. Effects of intensive logging on birds in eucalypt forest near Bega, New South Wales. Emu 85: 15–21.Birds were censused in mature forest and in regenerating forest 10–15 years after intensive logging. In gullies the number of species recorded per census was similar in both mature and regenerating forest, while on ridges, where fewer species were recorded per census than in gullies, an average of 20% fewer species were recorded per census in regenerating forest. In gullies eight species were found to be less abundant and nine species more abundant in regenerating forest, while on ridges 12 species were found to be less abundant and only two species more abundant. The species that were less abundant in regenerating forest were mostly birds that feed in mature eucalypts. The species that were more abundant were mostly birds characteristic of dense vegetation. In the regenerating forest 14 of the 40 most frequently recorded species were feeding mainly in the retained trees, the density of which was 5/ha on ridges and 12/ha in gullies. At least three species were nesting in hollows in the retained trees. If no trees had been left, there would have been far fewer birds in the regenerating forest. The retention of such trees is an effective procedure for reducing the adverse effects of logging on birds.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850015

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYWEIMERSKIRCH, H., P. JOUVENTIN, J.L. MOUGIN, J.C. STAHL AND M. VAN BEVEREN. 1985. Banding recoveries and the dispersal of seabirds breeding in French Austral and Antarctic Territories. Emu 85: 22–33.The paper summarises banding activities on French Austral and Antarctic Territories and recoveries between 1951 and 1982. Out of 61,807 birds banded, 192 were recovered elsewhere. Maps give the location of all these recoveries. Variations in the recovery rates are discussed. The fidelity rate to the hatching grounds is close to 100% for breeding birds. Spatial segregation in winter is established between different populations or species nesting on antarctic or sub-antarctic localities. From recoveries and observations at sea, four methods of oceanic resource utilization during the non-breeding season are defined for 22 species: sedentariness, migration and the concentration over rich zones of food availability, dispersion throughout the Southern Ocean and a combination of the second and third methods. The importance of food availability the ecology of albatrosses during the non-breeding season is discussed.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850022

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SUMMARYPYKE, G.H. 1985. Seasonal patterns of abundance of insectivorous birds and flying insects. Emu 85: 34–39.Insectivorous birds made up only 8% of all birds in heathland near Sydney and only 18% in open forest; other birds were almost all honeyeaters. The abundance of Variegated Wrens, the most commonly recorded insectivore, showed no consistent seasonal pattern in the heathland. Otherwise the abundances of insectivorous birds were lowest during June to August and peaked during September to November or December to February. Average biomass of flying insects exhibited peaks during September to December and March to April and troughs at other times, especially during May to August. Except for the period September to November, when insectivore density and biomass of flying insects were both at their highest levels, the correspondence between the two was poor.

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850034

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850040

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850043

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850047

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850049

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850051

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0158-4197    

DOI:10.1071/MU9850053

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor