ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588199241201

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper outlines four specific problems that appear to represent considerable obstacles to the development of visualisation strategies for use within the domain of geography and the Earth sciences. These are: (1) the speed of graphical rendering, (2) the management of perceptual anomalies due to visual combination effects, (3) the vast range of potential approaches and mappings (the complexity of the visual assignment process), and (4) the orientation of the user into an artificial or virtual reality. Each problem is discussed in terms of the visualisation of geographical data for the purpose of exploratory visual analysis. The specific underlying research issues and questions are described, with particular emphasis to how these relate to the geographical domain. Where possible, some potential solutions are suggested. Specific examples of geographical data visualisation are given to substantiate the arguments presented. The discussion highlights the need for further research in a number of key areas, and stresses the weaknesses of current visualisation theory and technology when applied to non-trivial geographical datasets.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588199241210

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We present an approach to the process of constructing knowledge through structured exploration of large spatiotemporal data sets. First, we introduce our problem context and define both Geographic Visualization (GVis) and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD), the source domains for methods being integrated. Next, we review and compare recent GVis and KDD developments and consider the potential for their integration, emphasizing that an iterative process with user interaction is a central focus for uncovering interest and meaningful patterns through each. We then introduce an approach to design of an integrated GVis-KDD environment directed to exploration and discovery in the context of spatiotemporal environmental data. The approach emphasizes a matching of GVis and KDD meta-operations. Following description of the GVis and KDD methods that are linked in our prototype system, we present a demonstration of the prototype applied to a typical spatiotemporal dataset. We conclude by outlining, briefly, research goals directed toward more complete integration of GVis and KDD methods and their connection to temporal GIS.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588199241229

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The use of multimedia by cartographers has enabled new and exciting products to be designed and produced. These 'New Media' artefacts range from products that do nothing more than offer picture book 'page turning' CD-ROM publications that require almost no user interaction to highly interactive packages delivered via the World Wide Web. In spite of the potential afforded by new presentation media and delivery mechanisms, most presentations of geographical information continue to rely on traditional map-based forms of information delivery. Should cartographers stop at distributed multimedia cartographic information products that only use the map metaphor? Or should they explore the other metaphorical avenues that distributed multimedia affords. Multimedia technology has now matured to enable multimedia cartography to be produced to more effectively portray and communicate user-targeted geographical information. This paper proposes that distributed multimedia cartography should explore the possibilities offered by this new conglomerate medium and define both the potential uses of such a powerful geographical information depiction tool and the limitations that should perhaps be placed on using the medium in a cartographic context.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588199241238

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Descartes (formerly called IRIS) is a software system designed to support visual exploration of spatially referenced data, e.g. demographic, economical, or cultural information about geographical objects or locations such as countries, districts, or cities. Descartes offers two integrated services: automated presentation of data on maps, and facilities to interactively manipulate these maps. Automated mapping is enabled by incorporating generic knowledge on map design into the system. Descartes selects suitable presentation methods according to characteristics of the variables to be analysed and relationships among those variables if more than one were selected simultaneously. The cartographic knowledge of Descartes allows non-cartographers to receive proper presentations of their data, and the automation of map construction helps the users to save valuable time that can better be used for data analysis and problem-solving. Exploratory data analysis requires highly interactive, dynamic data displays. We strive to develop various interactive techniques for map manipulation that could enhance the expressiveness of maps and thus promote data exploration. We are convinced that a technique can be made especially productive if it is directed towards a particular presentation method: it can utilise peculiarities of this method and support those analytical operations that best fit to the method.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588199241247

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Active legends in cartographic animation serve the dual purpose of controlling the display of a map sequence and providing necessary information about the individual frames. Legends for cartographic animations have typically been implemented in a non-interactive form as individual legends that are synchronized with the display of the map. An active legend creates a tactual/visual association between the individual maps in the animation and what they depict. The development of more interactive cartographic animations is a function of both the available technology and the operational metaphors that make the technology accessible. The Web is providing a means to distribute interactive animations. A particular interactive cartographic animation developed with JavaScript is evaluated for functionality and content.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588199241256

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To support 3D GIS interaction within VR-environments we propose a multi-view approach based on three types of visualization: plan view, model view and world view. The visualization in these views ranges from a conventional map, through a partly symbolic and simplified 3D representation to a full immersive and photo-realistic 3D display. The views can be used simultaneously or intermittently, and each provides a repertoire of interaction possibilities that are apt but not necessarily limited to that view. We are currently developing a 3D GIS&VR system (Karma VI) based on existing GIS and VR technology that uses the three views to support the design, development and presentation of large infrastructure plans in The Netherlands. Operational use of this system showed that the multi-view approach leads to a more sophisticated understanding of those plans.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588199241265

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The topics of virtual environments and information technology are addressed here in the context of fieldwork teaching. A pedagogic rationale is presented that considers the objectives of fieldwork and outlines the potential utility of networked graphical tools in this mode of teaching that is so essential to a range of subjects. The Virtual Field Course project (VFC) is developing software that realises this potential by fulfilling a stated series of objectives. A software architecture and implementation are presented that enable visualization software to communicate with a secure and remote shared library of spatially referenced data to support field-based activity. The software is extremely flexible and uses equipment, data and resources that are affordable and accessible to the higher education community. Two example applications are provided. Each uses the described architecture to visualize geographic information in support of fieldwork. Empirical feedback is provided gained from experience of using the software in the field.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588199241274

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Visualisation of geological process raises special issues for scientists and animators. The degree of physical movement of a rising arch or along a fault line may be very small compared to the normal terrain variation. Over a long time period the major changes in the environment may come from the more substantial surface manifestations of changing draining regimes. In Tamil Nadu State in South-Eastern India there are continuing tectonic movements arising from the collision of the subcontinent with the greater Asian land mass. Over comparatively recent times (7000 years) these movements have had a major impact on drainage and other hydrological outcomes. The Cauvery River in particular has migrated several hundred kilometres over this period. A mosaic was made from recent satellite imagery and then manipulated to create surface textures for dates between 7000 years and 1000 years. Changes in the terrain surface, such as rising arch structures and descending grabens, have been modelled and animated. The combination of terrain movement and surface change provides a visual history of the period.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588199241283

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The potential of the World Wide Web as an information distribution network has increased. The expansion of the Internet provides data suppliers with a completely new means for disseminating geospatial information in a visual and interactive manner to the general public. Recent developments indicate that the Web is gradually being transformed from a distributed document system towards a distributed application framework. Several new object-oriented techniques have been introduced as a solution for dynamic processing of information on the Web. The present paper illustrates a research project carried out at the Finnish Geodetic Institute to develop a viewer application (NetGIS) aimed at giving an ordinary Web surfer an opportunity to browse and visualise geographical information (GI) in the form of spatial objects. This new object-based approach to the delivery of GI on the Web enables interactive querying of the properties of an individual geographical object. The application is implemented in Java programming language and the data transfer is based on use of the CORBA standard and on OpenGIS Simple Features Specification.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588199241292

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor