ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588198241725

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper reviews approaches for automated pattern spotting and knowledge discovery in spatially referenced data. This is an emerging field which to date has received developmental contributions primarily from researchers in statistics and knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). The field of geographical information systems (GIS) has, however, recognized its importance as a means for providing more exploratory analysis functionality. Tools based upon automated approaches that identify potentially important relationships in spatial data are essential in GIS in order to effectively deal with the increasing amounts of information being gathered. Clustering techniques are proving to be valuable, but there appears to be a general lack of understanding associated with the use and application of various clustering methods in the geographic domain. Further, there is little if any recognition of the relationships between clustering methods. As a result, the development of techniques known to be problematic or inferior has occurred. This paper presents an overview of clustering methods for exploratory spatial data analysis and associated application issues.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588198241734

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper presents a deductive inference approach for populating target Automated Mapping/Facilities Management (AM/FM) platforms with utility network data from primitive, unstructured source data. The approach exploits a declarative rulebase, which has been developed in PROLOG, to specify feature-creation constraints and to infer relationships, including the derivation of networks, semantic relation instances, and intrinsic associativity among spatial and thematic components, in legacy source data. The approach is novel in that it provides a flexible, integration framework capable of inferring utility network relationships in legacy data originating from a variety of sources. Although the approach is experimental, it has been successfully utilized in industrial applications in which AM/FM network models of electrical-distribution and broadbanddistribution systems were derived from legacy data. In all instances, the source data contained only a subset of the inter- and intra-feature relationship instances that were modelled in the target AM/FM platform.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588198241743

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) represent a rapidly changing technology, and awareness of their capabilities outside the GIS arena has grown rapidly during the last few years. As part of a wide-ranging ecological research programme on wetlands in Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) developed a GIS for the examination of lowland wet grassland landscapes, and the potential for their restoration (the 'Wetlands GIS'). A flexible approach to the development of the GIS was necessary to accommodate changes in technology and in the needs and interests of the key 'stakeholders' in the project: the research ecologists who supplied much of the data for the GIS and the policy-makers concerned with the application of research findings to land-management problems. This paper explains the rationale behind the use of GIS in the context of ESA-management and its evolution over a three year period. Examples of output are used to demonstrate the benefits of map displays for encouraging communication between developers and users, the data-storage, handling and analytical capabilities of the GIS and its role in matching the needs of researchers and policy-makers.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588198241752

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A GIS framework for modelling nitrogen leaching from terraced agricultural systems has been developed. The framework incorporates an empirical model based on mass-balance principles and incorporates descriptions of the major chemical and biological nitrogen transformations occurring in such systems. The model operates at individual terrace scale but has been incorporated within the framework of a GIS to enable application at whole catchment scale and to derive spatially distributed information on N leaching. Increased nitrogen leaching in response to increased use of inorganic fertiliser applications might lead to downstream eutrophication problems. The framework has been developed and tested at three catchments in the Middle Hills region of Nepal. Predictions of N leaching are similar in magnitude to observed catchment chemical output fluxes. The framework can be easily modified as new process representation or new catchment scale data become available, it therefore has potential for wide-scale application in any region where land use is dominated by terraced agriculture.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588198241761

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Demands for GIS education and training are now being met by a loose combination of workshops, shortcourses, college and university instruction, and GIS degree programmes. Specialized GIS degree programmes offer concentrated studies, but may not be appropriate for students approaching GIS from an applications area or for those without the time for, or interest in completing an additional degree. Certificate programmes offered through colleges and universities provide students with a framework of courses that address GIS theory, applications, and related subjects. Increases in the number of GIS professionals and concerns about unethical or incompetent behaviour have also brought calls for programmes aimed at improving professional competency among GIS practitioners. This paper reviews educational, training, and professional competency programmes associated with GIS and offers a model for continuing education that employs academic GIS certificate and professional certification programmes. Included in the discussion is an overview of prerequisites and requirements associated with certificate programmes in the US and Canada and recommendations concerning the role and design of certificate and certification programmes.

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588198241770

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1365-8816    

DOI:10.1080/136588198241789

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1998

数据来源: Taylor