摘要:

The Pediatric Extended Examination at Three (PEET) is a neurodevelopmental assessment system designed to aid in the early detection and clarification of problems with learning, attention, and behavior in 3− to 4-year-old children. In this study the PEET was administered to 201 preschool children in the Boston area to ascertain standards of performance on this instrument and to demonstrate concurrent validity with the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. When children with specific weaknesses on the PEET were analyzed with regard to their McCarthy scores on related indices, statistically significant agreement was documented in all areas. Data from the PEET administered to 59 children in a hospital clinic for behavioral and developmental concerns, was compared to results from the Boston area community sample. Performance on the PEET of the former group was significantly poorer, and a pattern of concerns emerged with specific therapeutic implications. Based on the two components of this study, the PEET was shown to be a valid and useful instrument which can help pediatricians clarify parental concerns about their preschool children.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ten patients with the fragile X syndrome were diagnosed at the Child Development Unit in 1982. Six of these patients are autistic and demonstrate similar profiles on three evaluations designed to measure the severity of autism. The similarities of these six autistic patients are described in depth.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of the nephrotic syndrome on various aspects of behavior and development was examined in a group of 44 patients. The results of parent interviews, teacher ratings, and psychological tests (using the Self Observation Scales and the Children's Service Questionnaire) were compared with a closely matched group of healthy children. Very few statistically significant differences were noted. Comparisons were made with results of other studies of chronic disorders and their effect on the child's behavior and development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The perinatal health status and behavioral characteristics of 47 newborns of multirisk (psychiatric and socioenvironmental) mothers who received either comprehensive intervention services or community-based services are described. Obstetric and postnatal health measures did not differ between groups, but there was a tendency for infants of comprehensively treated women to be healthier. Both groups were similar on Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale cluster scores at 3 to 5 days of age. However, by 1 month of age, there was very little progress in Orientation and Autonomic Regulation capacities, and in some cases the infants' performance declined markedly on other clusters. The infants who did not receive comprehensive services had significantly less optimal motor performance and autonomic regulation scores. That worrisome patterns of adaptation were detected quite early in life suggests that these may be a particularly vulnerable subset of newborns.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Clinician-parent interactions in preventive child health visits should reflect parental concern. Variations in this visit process according to the level of maternal concern were explored. Forty initial visits to a pediatric clinic were videotaped. Mothers were interviewed before the visits to determine their concerns about their infants. Videotapes were analyzed using Resource Exchange Analysis, a clinically based method of interaction analysis. Highly concerned mothers had longer visits, initiated more interaction, sought more information, talked more about their infants, expressed more worry, and received more clinician empathy (all p < 0.05). Analysis also showed significant differences in visit process according to clinician type and sex. Stepwise multiple regressions, controlling for clinician type and sex, revealed persistent contribution by maternal concerns to variance in visit process variables (all p < 0.004), change in R2 0.16 to 0.32). It was concluded that clinician-parent interactions in the preventive child health visits are responsive to parental concerns.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data from three research studies provided information about stress encountered by parents of young handicapped children as they sought services and information regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In depth interviews were conducted with 11 5 families of children between the ages of 16/i2 and 59/i2 years, with mild to moderate handicaps. Three specific periods were considered: the initial diagnosis of handicapping condition, the first efforts at seeking help or intervention, and the transition from infant to preschool programs. Various child characteristics and community factors which seemed related to stress during these periods were considered. Problems encountered with professionals are identified, and implications for training and practice are offered.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 24-item Test of Motor and Neurological Functions (TMNF) was developed to measure automatic and equilibrium reactions, muscle tone, primitive reflexes, and qualitative movement findings in infants up to 12 months of age. A preliminary study was conducted with data gathered on 31 high-risk and 25 full-term infants ranging in age from 0 to 12 months. The psychometric quality of the test was investigated in terms of construct validity and interobserver reliability. It was determined that the most effective subtests were the automatic/equilibrium reactions and muscle tone subtests for the 7 to 12-month age group. The high-risk infant sample revealed significantly more qualitative findings at all age levels when compared to the full-term infants, particularly after 6 months of age. It was also found that the TMNF could be administered with a high degree of objectivity. These findings must be regarded as “tentative” until longitudinal cross-validation studies and research on decision-making reliability have been conducted.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the effects of the birth of a sibling on the first born child-mother interaction. First born children-mother dyads were observed in a playroom setting at 1 2 and 24 months. At 12 months all first born children had no siblings born, while at 24 months a group of children had acquired a sibling. In general, the findings suggested that first born children who acquire a sibling before they are 2 years old show more dependency behavior to mother and are more upset during a free play session than their counterparts of first born children who have not acquired a sibling. Mothers of first borns with a sibling show a tendency to increase their attention to the first born, but exhibit less playful kinds of interaction. These results from a laboratory setting are consistent with the home observations made by others, and suggest that the mother-first born child interaction may temporarily become less playful and more strained after a sibling is born.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study explored the usefulness of 48 hours of Restricted Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST) as a treatment for autistic children. In order to provide quantified objective measures for evaluating the effects of this treatment, a battery of psychological tests was developed which would be useful and practical for the assessment of these children in regular diagnostic settings. Several positive changes in learning, social and play behavior, and cognitive functioning were noted.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This is a report on recent developments in pediatric psychopharmacology: new drugs and new applications for established drugs. The drugs reviewed include imipramine, amitryptiline, lithium, piracetam, propranolol, tryptophan, clonidine, pyridoxine and fenfluramine. Putative indications include prepubertal depression, school phobia, anorexia nervosa, explosive-aggressive behavior, learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder (hyperactivity), Tourette's syndrome, autism, and the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Some of the information presented in this report must be regarded as “preliminary,” and caution is advised in its interpretation and application.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID