摘要:

ABSTRACT.Neonatal intensive care unit personnel and parents often are concerned that developmental assessment will tire preterm neonates and impair their feeding ability and subsequent weight gain. Therefore, the amount of fluid consumed by 108 preterm neonates (≤36.5 wk gestational age) was compared before and after administration of the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI). In addition, the weight gain of 35 preterm neonates who were administered the NAPI was compared with that of a matched control group of 35 preterm neonates who were not administered the NAPI. There were no differences in the amount of fluid consumed before and after NAPI administration, and there were no differences in weight gain between neonates who were and were not administered the NAPI. The effects of NAPI administration did not differ as a function of gestational age group. Therefore, the NAPI can be administered safely to preterm neonates without affecting feeding performance or weight gain.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The Breathing Bear, an optional source of rhythmic stimulation for infants, was investigated for its effects on full-term infants and their mothers. The Bear “breathes” like a normal infant at a rate matching the infant’s. Previous studies have indicated that premature infants prefer a Breathing Bear over a Non-Breathing Bear, and they show neurobehavioral benefits from the exposure. A Breathing Bear was provided for 35 full-term infants, and a Non-Breathing Bear was provided for 37 infants from 5 weeks to 6 months postnatal age, all of whom were considered by their mothers to be fussy. Mothers’ reports of infant crying, ratings of their infants’ temperament, and their own stress and depression were assessed during and after the intervention period. Reported crying did not differentiate the groups. After 6 months, the mothers in the Breathing Bear group rated their infant’s temperament less negatively and themselves less depressed and stressed than the mothers in the Non-Breathing Bear group. Thus, the Breathing Bear had measurable effects on the mothers and a possible impact on the mother-infant relationship.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This study examined Three Wishes (a projective technique commonly used with children) in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal, progressive illness (n = 74). A reliable and parsimonious scoring system was developed to code wish type. Probands’ responses were compared with unaffected siblings (n = 32) and a male comparison group (n = 43). Contrary to what was expected, the DMD group did not make significantly more health-related wishes than their siblings or the comparison group. Further, no association between health-related wishes and problem behaviors was observed in the DMD group. These findings indicate that, despite increased stressors, boys with DMD present wishes similar to those of their healthy peers.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This study assessed the effectiveness and tolerability of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram in the treatment of patients with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). The medical charts of 15 children and adolescents (aged 6–16 yr) with Asperger syndrome, autism, or PDD not otherwise specified treated with citalopram were retrospectively reviewed. The final dose of citalopram was 16.9 ± 12.1 mg/day with a treatment duration of 218.8 ± 167.2 days. Independent ratings of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity and Improvement scales allowed comparison between baseline and PDD symptoms at the last visit. Eleven adolescents (73%) exhibited significant improvement in PDD, anxiety, or mood CGI score (z= 2.95;p= .003). Anxiety symptoms associated with PDDs improved significantly in 66% of patients (z= 2.83,p= .005), and mood symptoms improved significantly in 47% of patients (z= 2.78,p= .005). Mild side effects were reported by five patients (33%). These data suggest citalopram may be effective, safe, and well tolerated as part of the treatment of PDDs.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The association between enuresis and psychopathology (e.g., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) has been well studied. However, past research failed to adjust this relationship for the influence of sociodemographic variables underlying both problems. This study, using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale, compares 154 enuretic children with a control group of 153 children who had urinary control. The results reveal that enuretic children show significantly higher scores on both questionnaires. However, when sociodemographic variables are entered in the analysis, group differences disappear, and social class category, as a measure of socioeconomic status (SES), becomes a significant factor in explaining the variance in problem scores. Although children with enuresis have more internalizing, externalizing, and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms than continent children, when the analysis is performed controlling for SES, this relationship is no longer present.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This article reviews causes of cognitive impairment in children with a focus on those in developing countries. The number of children with cognitive limitations is increasing, and for the majority there is little access to professional expertise. Causes include malnutrition, genetic diseases, infectious diseases such as meningitis, parasites, and cerebral malaria, in utero drug and alcohol exposure, newborn asphyxia, low birth weight, head injuries, and endocrine disorders. Many of these are preventable; however, resources for prevention are limited in most developing areas of the world. The challenge for this century is to encourage community leaders and government officials to take on the prevention of cognitive impairment as the highest priority for society. This article proposes that specialists in child behavior and development work with United Nations agencies to develop a “world cognitive impairment watch” to assess and assist each country annually in terms of risk factors, prevention programs, and early intervention programs.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID