ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine if mothers generally perceive their infants as more ill than do pediatricians, and if the presence of fever has an impact on the perceptions of either the mother or pediatrician. One hundred eighty-seven mothers and their infants, from a primary care clinic (n= 109) and private practice (n= 78), were enrolled at the 2-week well-child visit and were asked to contact a physician participating in the study whenever their infants became acutely ill. The mothers were asked to rate the severity of their infants' illness according to a 3-point scale, first at home and then simultaneously, but independently, with a physician in the office. In general, mothers rated their infants equally as ill at home as in the office (χ = 0.59). However, both their home ratings (χ = 0.15) and office ratings (χ = 0.29) were in poor agreement with the ratings of the physicians. The mothers consistently rated their infants as more ill than did the pediatricians (χ < 0.0001). Both the mothers and physicians perceived infants with higher temperatures (≥ 38.9°C) as significantly (χ = 0.0004) more ill than infants with lower temperatures (< 38.9°C). We conclude that mothers generally perceive their infants as more ill than do pediatricians, and that it is important for pediatricians to address the perceptions of mothers in order to establish effective communication with them.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:255–257, 1987.Index terms:fever, perception.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This investigation examined the extent to which a structured curriculum in developmental pediatrics could be applied effectively to a wide range of pediatric residency training programs. Residents drawn principally from sites not involved in the original development of a curriculum in developmental pediatrics were assigned randomly to prerotation control or postrotation experimental groups. Based on an objective case management test, residents who had participated in the rotation defined by the curriculum scored significantly higher than those who had not. Differences between experimental and control groups were similar for both the first and second evaluation years and for residents drawn from the original and new sites (totaln= 161). Subjective evaluations by residents and faculty preceptors confirmed the utility of curriculum.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:260–265, 1987.Index terms:resident training, developmental pediatrics, curriculum evaluation.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Anxiety level, perception of control over illness, stage of cognitive development, and stage of reasoning about illness were examined in pediatric oncology, obese, and healthy children and adolescents. Among the groups, there were no mean differences with regard to any of these measures. Older participants in the higher stages of cognitive development were higher on stage of reasoning about illness in general and their own illness than were younger and less cognitively mature participants. In the pediatric oncology and obese groups, participants higher on perception of control over illness were higher on stage of reasoning about illness in general and their own illness, in particular, than those lower on perception of control. Anxiety level was not related to stage of reasoning about illness, but participants higher on anxiety were lower on perception of control over illness. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:266–273, 1987.Index terms:cognitive development, reasoning about illness, anxiety, perception of control over illness, hospitalization.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Aerobic exercise has been associated with improvements in psychological status and physical fitness in adults, but its effects on children are less clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an aerobic exercise program on the self-concept, academic achievement, motor proficiency, and cardiovascular fitness of boys with learning disabilities. Fifty-four boys were randomly assigned to one of two exercise programs lasting 20 weeks. One program emphasized aerobic exercise and the other consisted of similar but less vigorous activities. The self-concept, academic achievement, motor proficiency, and physical fitness of each subject was assessed before and after the exercise programs. The results from group comparisons demonstrated an association between the aerobic exercise program and improvement of self-concept and physical fitness. No effect on academic achievement or motor proficiency could be attributed to the aerobic exercise program.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:274–277, 1987.Index terms:aerobic exercise, learning disabilities, sports, self-concept.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental delays. Follow-up programs have been instituted as one form of secondary prevention, to identify delays early and refer affected children to intervention. To examine the relationship between follow-up care and later development, 82 neonates who weighed 1500 g or less at birth were followed to 36 months of age. Effectiveness of care was assessed by neurodevelopmental status of 45 patients who participated and 37 patients who failed to participate in annual post-neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) monitoring service. At the outset, the groups had similar medical and socioeconomic status characteristics. However, by the third year of life, the monitored patients had a 14-point General Cognitive Index (GCI) advantage over the nonmonitored group. Examination of family process variables, family organization styles, and mother-child behaviors revealed significant differences between the groups, and suggested that monitored patients were raised in more normal, supportive home environments. Correlation and stepwise regression analyses indicated that mother-child behaviors and quality of the home environment were most predictive of 3-year intellectual development, with neonatal and biological measures adding to the predictive classification of neurosensory delays. It is suggested that an infant's medical record, mother-child behaviors, and overall quality of home environment be measured prior to hospital discharge, followed by home-based intervention where indicated.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:278–285, 1987.Index terms:very low birth weight, family influences, monitoring, mother-child behaviors.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pediatricians and other primary care professionals are frequently called upon to offer their advice concerning the psychosocial problems that families confront. Currently, one area that appears to be of great concern to parents is the effect that parental divorce has on children. However, giving advice in this area is difficult as parental divorce does not have the same effect on all children. Researchers are now beginning to identify and study numerous factors that appear to play a critical role in mediating child adjustment following parental divorce. Understanding these mediating factors will likely prove crucial when addressing questions pertaining to parental divorce. Several investigators believe that one of the most important of these mediating factors is parental conflict. This article reviews the research addressing the relationship between parental divorce, parental conflict, and child adjustment.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:292–296, 1987.Index terms:parental divorce, parental conflict, divorce and children.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID