摘要:

Correlates of the physical activity habits of preschool children were studied in a multiethnic sample. Physical activity levels of 33 low-income children were observed systematically during free-play periods at preschool. Children spent 58% of free-play time in sedentary activities (e.g., sitting), and were vigorously active only 11% of the time. Independent variables studied were child body mass index (BMI), teacher-rated Type A behavior, and parent-reported mother BMI, father BMI, parent vigorous activity, and family cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The multiple regression of moderate-intensity activity was significant, with family CVD risk, parent vigorous activity, and father BMI accounting for significant amounts of variance. The results suggest that the effects of parental role modeling on child physical activity levels may extend to free-play settings far beyond the confines of the home environment.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:57–61, 1988.Index terms:physical activity, obesity, Type A, family, cardiovascular disease, behavior.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eighteen women less than 22 years old, who had their first child during adolescence, were assessed with a standard in-depth diagnostic interview for the presence of and/or history of depression and other disorders. Eight of the 18 women (44%) had experienced at least one episode of major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. A majority of episodes had their onset during pregnancy. Moreover, six women (33%) were experiencing a diagnosable form of depression at the time of the interview. Most of the women who had been depressed experienced at least part of their depression while they were raising their children. Whereas these preliminary findings need to be replicated due to the small sample size, they draw attention to the need for the integration of mental health assessment and treatment in service programs for adolescent mothers.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:62–65, 1988. Index terms: adolescent mothers, depression, adolescent depression.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study explores the relationship between disease type and disease activity, and the psychological status of siblings of chronically ill children. Closest-age siblings of children with Crohn's disease (CD) (n= 41) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n= 24) were assessed for psychological disorder and psychological style, using reliable and standardized measures. The disease activity of the patients was also evaluated. Assessment occurred during outpatient visits to a pediatric gastroenterology division. Results indicated that CD siblings had more psychological disorder than UC siblings. This wasnotdue to greater acute disease activity in the CD patients. However, as a group, siblings of the sickest CD patients displayed more “internalizing” behaviors, whereas siblings of the healthiest CD patients displayed more “externalizing” behaviors. UC siblings, who were psychologically healthier, displayed “externalizing” behaviors regardless of the patient's disease activity. These results are in accord with our previous findings on family functioning, which, together, yield a heuristic model representing the different patterns of biopsychosocial interaction for CD in contrast to UC.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:66–72, 1988.Index terms:sibling, psychological status, chronic illness, biopsychosocial.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Developmental follow-up studies have documented that low birth weight infants are at high risk for mental and physical disabilities, despite recent advances in neonatal intensive care. Moreover, parent-infant bonding is hampered by the barriers created by technical equipment. This study evaluated a program of hospital and home-based developmental interventions designed to enhance the development of high-risk, preterm infants and the quality of communication between infants and their caregivers. Treatment and contrast groups consisted of 41 premature infants weighing < 1800 g at birth. Treatment took a preventive approach, consisting of daily multimodal interventions in-hospital and twice-monthly interventions by child development specialists in the child's home, through 12 months adjusted age. Infants in the contrast group received traditional, remedially oriented care. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were used to measure mental and psychomotor development, and the Greenspan-Lieberman Observations System (GLOS) was used to analyze the behavioral characteristics of infant-caregiver interactions. Developmental interventions had positive, significant effects on mental development and on the quality of caregiver-infant interactions. Changes in mental development were not independent of changes in the GLOS.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:73–78, 1988.Index terms:high-risk neonates, premature infants, developmental intervention.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pediatric cancer patients experiencing nausea/vomiting in anticipation of chemotherapy were studied in comparison to a matched group of patients with no history of anticipatory nausea/vomiting (ANV). Patients with ANV were characteristically more anxious and tended to screen sensory information less selectively than patients without ANV. Parents of patients with ANV relied more heavily on threat of punishment and less on modeling and reassurance when managing their children in fearful situations than did parents of patients with no ANV. ANV was related to an increased incidence of experimentally conditioned taste aversions. The contribution of patient variables to the prediction of ANV and implications for research are discussed.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:82–85, 1988.Index terms:chemotherapy, nausea, conditioning.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper highlights factors associated with suicidal behavior in children who are approximately 3–6 years old. Similar suicidal risk factors found in older children, such as depression, preoccupations with death, and family instability involving child abuse and other forms of parental psychopathology, are associated with suicidal impulses of preschool children. Assessment of these risk factors should be included in pediatric and mental health evaluations of such young children. Clinical vignettes are offered in this text.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:86–88, 1988.Index term:suicidal preschoolers.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hypnosis was used to treat a 7-year-old female with 82 common warts. The lesions had been present for 12–18 months and were refractory to routine dermatologic treatment. Hypnotic suggestions were given for the facial warts to disappear before warts from the rest of the body. After 2 weeks, eight of 16 facial warts were gone, with no other changes. After three additional biweekly sessions, all 82 warts were gone. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of systematic wart removal in children. Discussion focuses on the relationship between psychological mechanisms and the immune system.J Dev Behav Pediatr 9:89–91, 1988.Index terms:hypnosis, warts, psychosomatics.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID