摘要:

ABSTRACT.Technology has provided a recent emergence of augmentative communications systems for nonspeaking children. The effective use of such systems is dependent on the knowledge and skills of physicians, speech-language pathologists, educators, parents, and other professionals working with the child. This article examines the components of an augmentative system including themodeof communication, which includes choices among manual, non-electronic, and electronic systems. The advantages of each mode are discussed. Another major component, thesymbol selectionprocess, follows an ascending hierarchy from a representational code involving actual objects to a complex symbolic code with spelling and numerals. Clinical application at the Child Development and Rehabilitation Center of the Oregon Health Sciences University points to the need for thorough interdisciplinary team evaluation during system selection or modification. Data obtained from assessment of 28 multihandicapped children reveal necessary changes, additions, and follow-up for both the mode and symbol system in the majority of children examined.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.It has not been determined whether severity of handicap or other associated factors are more important in determining the age of presentation for developmental disabilities. The relationship between age at presentation and referral source, presenting complaint, diagnosis, and associated factors (medical illness, motor signs, or behavioral disturbances) was examined in 738 consecutive children referred for developmental evaluation during 1982–1983. Thenatureof the complaint or diagnosis (motor, language, behavioral, or educational) was a far better predictor of age of presentation than theseverityof the disorder. The degree of mental retardation did not affect age of presentation. Behavior problems did not affect the age of presentation for school failure or learning disability, but were associated with later presentation for motor delay, language delay, communication disorder, and within all IQ groups. The association of topography of handicap rather than severity with age of presentation should be considered when establishing or evaluating efforts at early identification of developmental disability.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This paper reviews several sociologic factors associated with fertility and childbearing among Hispanic teens. The influences of acculturation, patterns of prenatal care and pregnancy outcome among Hispanic adolescents are discussed. Statistics related to birth weight, to onset of prenatal care, and marital status of the mother are also reviewed by age and ethnicity. Suggestions on how to enhance health care access among Hispanic teens are provided.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Physicians' attitudes toward pain in children were assessed in an attempt to explain why adults are administered more analgesics than children while in the hospital. A survey was conducted of all pediatricians, family practitioners, and surgeons in Hartford. Fifty-seven percent of the sample responded (112/195). Seventy-five percent of the sample felt that children experienced adult-like pain by age 2. Thirty-eight percent of the physicians were somewhat or significantly concerned about the risk of addiction when using narcotics in their young patients. Pediatricians were significantly more likely than surgeons or family practitioners to see younger children as having adult-like pain and to prescribe analgesics for children at an earlier age. Many other attitudinal differences were also related to specialty. Other demographic variables (age, sex, mode of practice, and personal experience with pain) had little effect on attitudes. These findings suggest possible explanations for the discrepancy between child and adult analgesic prescribing practices.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Since relatively little is known as to why parents find it difficult to recognize when their high-risk infant ceases to be ill, this investigation examined parental reports of infant complications and the relationship these reports had with parental education level and method of delivery. Using a questionnaire format, 60 parents reported complications their infants experienced during NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) hospitalization. Maternal and paternal reports were comparable, although both significantly differed from actual diagnoses; parents underreported their infant's complications. Reported complications were not related to parental education level but were associated with method of delivery. Parents of Caesarean-section (C-section) infants identified a significantly smaller percentage of complications than did parents of vaginally delivered babies. It is suggested that (1) medical caregivers have the potential for helping parents more fully comprehend infant complications, (2) supplemental communication methods maybe necessary for the task in (1), and (3) information communicated to parents may need to incorporate the current findings about parental education level and delivery method.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.We investigated the effects of a 1 -year home intervention on premature infants with low (< 1500 g) and higher (1500–2000 g) birth weights. Infants from each weight condition were block randomly assigned to a control or to one of two treatment groups. One treatment group focused on the development of the infant; the other treatment group focused on the parent-infant interaction. The low birth weight infants obtained significantly lower Bayley mental and motor scores, and were more passive and less intense than the higher birth weight infants. However, the low birth weight infants and their parents were more responsive to the home intervention than were the higher birth weight infants, as demonstrated by changes in the Bayley mental scores and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) inventory. These findings exemplify the reciprocal relationship between the child's characteristics and parental responding. The importance of selecting the most high-risk premature infants for early home intervention is outlined.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.To understand why some lower socioeconomic status mothers delivering at a state university hospital breastfeed, while others do not, 26 attitude items were administered in a survey of 358 mothers. A factor analysis of these items yielded four interpretable factors: benefits to infant, social inconvenience, personal inconvenience, and physical inconvenience-medical benefits to child. These factors were significantly related to breastfeeding within each level of ethnicity and marital status. The results imply that emphasizing the benefits for the infant, and providing strategies for minimizing personal inconveniences, should promote breastfeeding in these populations.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID