摘要:

Recent work has indicated that behavioral feeding disorders may contribute to failure to thrive in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study compared the incidence of behavioral problems at mealtime, parenting stress, and nutritional intake for a sample of 22 children with CF and a matched control group of children without chronic disease. Multivariate analysis indicated that parents of children with CF viewed their child's behavior as more problematic at mealtime and more generally stressful than control group parents. Importantly, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of behavioral problems cited by parents of children with CF and caloric intake. Our CF group did not include any child who had significant failure to thrive (<5th percentile for weight for length). Thus, it appears that behavioral issues may impact on dietary intake for a broader population of children with CF than those with significant failure to thrive.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:157–161, 1994.Index terms:cystic fibrosis, nutrition, behavior.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study describes the role of personality styles, gender, and year in training on coping styles and health-related behaviors in 191 pediatric and internal medicine house officers. More highly distressed house staff reported more physical complaints, less adequate self-health care, and more use of denial and disengagement as coping strategies than peers who demonstrated lower levels of distress. More highly distressed house officers were rated by their chief residents as more frequently ill and more dissatisfied with their personal life. Female house staff were more distressed and used more emotional and social support coping strategies than male colleagues. First-year residents were less prepared for medical residency demands, reported less adequate self-health care practices, and were rated as having lower overall competency by their chief residents compared with third-year house staff. These findings suggest a need for further research on individual differences.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:162–169, 1994.Index terms:residency stress, coping styles, health-related behaviors.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study used hypnosis to treat seven consecutively referred patients with warts that had been refractory to numerous treatments with conventional therapies. The hypnotic techniques used with these cases focused on the patient as the active agent in collaboration with the therapist, working in tandem to obtain the desired outcomes. All of the patients had warts that were causing social problems. Nearly all patients (86%) were completely cured of their warts within 3 months of the onset of therapy. Results are discussed in terms of needed research examining the psychologic and physiologic mechanisms connected with the involution of warts and possible mind-body connections that could be scrutinized using the treatment of warts as a paradigm.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:170–173, 1994.Index terms:hypnosis, warts, psychosomatics, psychoneuroimmunology.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The role of supplementary carrying of infants was studied. Normal babies were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Infants in the former group were carried by their mothers in a soft ventral baby sling for at least 2 hours a day. The crying and behavior patterns of individuals in each group were documented in a 24-hour diary at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age. Twenty-two infants were enrolled in the intervention group and 21 in the control group. Little difference was noted between the two; indeed, those carried in the sling appeared to have an increase in the duration of fussiness. Crying behavior mostly occurred between 4 and 8 p.m. each day, with an additional peak between 8 a.m. and noon noted in the control infants. The latter peak disappeared by 4 weeks of age. Although other benefits may ensue from carrying the infant, its use in decreasing crying and fussiness has not been demonstrated.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:174–178, 1994.Index terms:infant, crying, colic, baby sling, intervention.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship of hospital admissions after discharge from neonatal intensive care to cognitive and behavioral development was studied in a sample of children whose birth weights were less than 1500 g and in a full-term comparison group matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. There were 52 six-year-old children and 48 nine-year-old children in the very low birth weight (VLBW) group and in the full-term (normal birth weight; NBW) group. Each child underwent a physical examination and was given a battery of tests of cognitive development. Parental ratings of behavior problems and teacher ratings of social and academic competence were also obtained. VLBW children were significantly more likely than NBW children to have experienced at least one hospital admission since discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Neonatal course generally did not differentiate rehospitalized and non-rehospitalized VLBW children, with the one exception that the rehospitalized group was younger in gestational age. With regard to current health status, rehospitalized VLBW children had more frequent colds and ear infections than their non-rehospitalized VLBW peers. Hospitalization was associated with lower scores on measures of verbal skills and visual-motor integration. Parental reports of behavior problems were unrelated to hospitalization. Teachers rated children who had been hospitalized as less academically competent, less considerate, more aggressive, and less well-liked. There were no significant birth weight group by hospitalization interactions. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering not only neonatal variables but also later indicators of health as factors in the development of both VLBW and NBW children.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:179–185, 1994.Index terms:rehospitalization, very low birth weight, social and cognitive competence.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the relationship between children's use of mental health services and their mother's report of physical abuse. It was a prospective cohort design, with 1-year follow-up. All 4− to 8-year-old children and their families who presented at a random sample of community-based pediatric practices during two 3-week periods in 1987 and 1988 were invited to participate; 94% agreed to participate and in-depth interviews of the mothers were conducted on 83% (1148) of the sample. Among participants, 84% were white, 41% of the mothers had more than 12 years of school, and 10% were living below the poverty line; 8.3% of mothers reported that they had been severely beaten in their lifetime. A multivariate analysis (which controlled for demographic characteristics and child behavior problems) showed that children with mothers who had been beaten were more than twice as likely to use mental health services in the following year.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:186–190, 1994.Index terms:spouse abuse, children, mental health.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The validity and reliability of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), a parent-completed psychosocial screening questionnaire, was examined in a sample of 115 four-to five-year-old pediatric outpatients. The current study assessed agreement between the PSC and the Child Behavior Checklist. These results in the preschool sample were compared with results obtained in a sample of 6− to 12-year-old patients in the same practices. Levels of agreement between the PSC and the Child Behavior Checklist were found to be acceptable and approximately equal to those obtained with older children. Rates of reliability were also equivalent. Results provide preliminary support for the validity of the PSC for screening 4− and 5-year-old children.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:191–197, 1994.Index terms:Pediatric Symptom Checklist, psychosocial screening, preschool children.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship between stress and both pediatric health-seeking behavior and children's behavior problems was examined among 40 parents of toddlers from middle-income families. Analyses suggested that the relationship between stress and either outcome variable cannot be evaluated adequately without considering family competence. Mothers who reported daily hassles that were frequent and intense initiated increased pediatric contact and reported more behavior problemsonlyif they were living in less competent families. Among mothers reporting few daily hassles, neither outcome variable was dependent on the competence level of the family. These results highlight the importance of examining the family and environmental issues because they may be related to children's health and behavior.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:198–203, 1994.Index terms:stress, family competence, pediatric health-seeking behavior, behavior problems, toddlers.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Home Screening Questionnaire (HSQ) was completed by 53 adolescent mothers when their infants were between 11 and 14 months of age to determine how the home environment, as reflected in this questionnaire, related to the child's developmental status before 15 months and after 15 months of age. The HSQ did not correlate with developmental status before 15 months as assessed by either the Bayley Scales of Infant Development or the Denver Developmental Screening Test. The HSQ at 12 months was, however, significantly correlated [r(31) = .48,p< .006] with developmental quotients derived from the Denver Developmental Screening Test after 15 months of age. It is concluded that the HSQ at 12 months may be helpful in identifying homes unable to support continued (ongoing) development of their children.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:204–206, 1994.Index terms:Home Screening Questionnaire, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment, adolescent mothers, Denver Developmental Screening Test, Bayley Scales of Infant Development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Getting children to bed and asleep remains a widespread problem for parents and an important area for researchers. Many parents still need an effective and simple way to help their children sleep. This paper reviews the literature on early childhood sleep patterns and the advice that is available for parents whose children are having sleep problems. Based on current information, help may come from medication and/or behavioral procedures. The effectiveness and limitations of each strategy are reviewed.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:207–213, 1994.Index terms:children, infants, sleep, treatments, review.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID