摘要:

Results of treatment of four patients are described. All of the patients had pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), a tic disorder, and a characteristic pattern of speech and language impairment. The patients were treated with haloperidol for their tic disorders, and concomitant with the reduction of the frequency and severity of tics was marked improvement in language. The patients averaged 3 months of language gain for each week of speech therapy directly after the initiation of haloperidol treatment for tics. Progress in speech and language therapy was extremely slow during the years prior to treatment with haloperidol. To the authors' knowledge, no language disorder has been described in the literature which shows such a predictable and marked response to pharmacological treatment. The authors hypothesize that tic disorders in individuals with PDD may be a marker for a more positive response to dopamine antagonists like haloperidol.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) was initially developed specifically to identify children with mental retardation. However, its use in screening low birth weight and other biologically at-risk infants for motor problems is widespread. In view of the absence of biologically vulnerable children in the DDST standardization sample, and the limited validational support available for its use with children under 30 months of age, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the DDST in screening 62 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit graduates during infancy. Categorical results (Normal, Questionable, Abnormal), obtained in the home setting by DDST, were compared with results of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Follow-up Clinic evaluations. There was a marked underselection of the DDST's categorical results in identifying those infants with suspect or abnormal findings on the more detailed clinic evaluations. However, the effectiveness of the screeners' clinical impression ratings (based on observations made during administration of the DDST) in identifying infants with positive criterion results was encouraging. These findings suggest that, although the DDST's categorical results may be of limited value in screening biologically vulnerable infants, administration of the DDST may provide a useful framework for more systematically observing and documenting significant qualitative aspects of an infant's developmental status, particularly for the screener who is less experienced in neuromotor assessment. These observations need to be defined further, and validated.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The diagnosis of “autism” has been used to encompass a heterogeneous group of children who may differ in etiology, clinical manifestations, prognosis, and needed treatment. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive evaluation, using strict diagnostic criteria, of 33 children comprising the entire population of a self-contained unit for “autistic” children in the public school system of Hillsborough County, Florida. Only five of the children fit the criteria for early infantile autism. Six were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia, two as atypical developmental disorders. Twelve of the 33 showed evidence of neurological or recognized genetic abnormality, five had specific developmental language disorders, and three were severely retarded, cause unknown. Of the 12 children with evidence of neurological disease, five had chromosome abnormalities evident on cytogenetic study, two had high serum Cux++, one had histidinemia, one had maternal rubella, and three had dykinesis of unknown origin. The heterogeneous nature of this group underlines the need for comprehensive evaluation of the autistic syndrome.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the relationship between visibility of handicap and both self-image and social maturity in young adult survivors of end-stage renal disease. Ratings of visibility of handicap, social maturity, and a self-report measure of self-image were obtained through interviews with 31 patients. Results showed that visibility was inversely correlated with identity stability (p<0.05), social maturity (p<0.025), and self-esteem (p>0.10), while jointly controlling for patients' age and years since last transplant. Although patients with visible handicaps remain at risk for maladjustment, many developed positive coping strategies in order to face the developmental challenges of adulthood.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An attempt was made to determine whether neuromaturational indicators (soft neurological signs) were associated consistently with specific areas of developmental function in 5-year-old children. Fifty-eight children were assessed over two diagnostic sessions. One involved administration of the Pediatric Exam of Educational Readiness (PEER) by pediatric fellows; the other consisted of administration of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) by trained psychoeducational specialists. Data indicate that children who exhibited a greater number of minor neurological indicators had a high likelihood of experiencing difficulty with visual-perceptual, fine motor, and gross motor tasks of the PEER and the MSCA. What is more important, no relationship was found between aggregates of minor neurological indicators and performance on linguistic, memory, sequencing, quantitative, verbal, or preacademic sections of these diagnostic instruments. This information suggests that physicians should limit their interpretation of such signs when evaluating young children with academic difficulties. Additional data must be accumulated before the role of neuromaturational signs can be fully understood.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report summarizes the outcome at age 8 of a group of preterm infants followed intensively from birth. The study was designed primarily to follow the processes of interaction between biological and environmental factors in determining the childhood outcome of infants born preterm rather than to report the incidence of particular types of outcomes for special subgroups of infants. A high percentage of the children were performing within the normal range. Social factors played a major role in determining the outcome regardless of neonatal complications. Functional assessment of newborn visual attention and sleep organization showed a modest relation to outcome. A subgroup of preterm infants from Spanishspeaking families, for cultural and language integration reasons, followed a somewhat different course from infancy to childhood outcome than did the group from English-speaking families. The results suggest that in longitudinal studies of preterm infants, different cultural and language groups should be analyzed separately so that one may understand the developmental processes and outcomes.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Children with encopresis were compared to children with other “high prevalence low-severity” disorders on measures of locus of control and self-esteem. Children with encopresis tended to feel less in control of positive life events, had lower self-worth, and were more apt to want to change and be different than children with other chronic symptoms. Data tend to contradict traditional interpretations of encopresis as a system of unconscious motives involving independence and control. Also, this information adds to the clinical impression culled from experience that active intensive remediation is the appropriate clinical response when treating children with encopresis.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-four couples rated their 6-month-old first-born infants' temperaments with Bates' Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ) and Carey's Infant Temperament Questionnaire (ITQ). Mothers and infants were videotaped in their homes during feedings on two consecutive days to assess mother and infant behavior. Results indicated that parents had moderate agreement about their own infant's temperament on the ICQ. There was little convergence between the ICQ and the ITQ measures of infant difficulty. ICQ parent-rated unpredictable infants were rated by observers as less responsive during the feedings. These results are discussed in the context of the meaning and measurement of infant temperament.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID