摘要:

The association between neonatal bilirubin exposure and psychoeducational outcome was investigated in a group of grade school children 9 to 11 years old who required neonatal intensive care between 1977 and 1980. Seventy-four children were evaluated with four measures of psychoeducational outcome, including the Kaufman Mental Processing and Achievement Scales, the Beery Visual Motor Integration Test, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. A measure of bilirubin binding calculated directly from the albumin concentration correlated significantly with the Kaufman Mental Processing Composite, although other more direct measures of bilirubin exposure (such as maximum serum bilirubin, direct measures of binding, and cumulative bilirubin exposure) did not. Thus, it is possible that the impact on psychoeducational outcome is the result of some other effect of low serum albumin itself, in addition to its ability to bind bilirubin. The correlation of the calculated albumin-determined binding value with the Kaufman Mental Processing Composite suggests that this level, rather than total serum bilirubin, may be more appropriate in determining clinical management.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We compared the prevalence of learning disabilities at age 8 years in a subgroup of 68 of 129 (53%) regional cohort of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) children who were considered “normal‘’ neurologically and intellectually (IQ ± 85) with that of 114 term group matched controls (C). Both groups were tested with a battery of psychoeducational measures, and parents and teachers completed questionnaires on the school performance of the children. ELBW children were comparable with C on measures of intelligence (ELBW 101 ± 8, C 104 ± 11), language, and academic achievement but fared significantly less well in motor performance (p< .0001). The prevalence of learning disabilities (by predefined criteria) in ELBW children (26%) was not increased compared with C (19%). However, teachers rated significantly more ELBW children as performing below grade level than were C (31% vs 16%,p< .05), and by parent report, a higher proportion of ELBW children had received special assistance in school compared with C (37% vs 16%,p< .001). We conclude that although the prevalence of learning disabilities in normal ELBW children was not different from that in controls, ELBW children did less well and utilized more special resources.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To evaluate the clinical impression that young girls are given little or confusing information about their genitals, a sample of 117 mothers with 1− to 4-year-old children were asked which words for genitals, if any, they used with their children. The ethnically and socioeconomically heterogeneous sample was composed of 63 girls and 54 boys, with the average ages of 26 and 29 months, respectively. Neither boys nor girls were likely to be given a standard anatomical genital term, although many children received colorful colloquial expressions. However, girls were less likely than boys to receive a term for their genitals. Receiving names for genitals was related to certain family circumstances, such as higher parental education, exposure to adult male nudity, having a sibling of the opposite sex, and cosleeping. Pediatric health professionals have the opportunity to contribute to early sex education by conveying accurate information regarding genital terms in the course of routine physical examinations.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Child maltreatment is a growing problem faced by pediatricians; however, there are many deficiencies in pediatricians' relevant knowledge and skills. Residency programs typically have included limited teaching in the area of child maltreatment. Fifty pediatric residents participated in an evaluation of a model educational course in child maltreatment developed by an interdisciplinary faculty. The course resulted in significant short-term improvements in knowledge and skills as well as a greater sense of competence in managing cases of child maltreatment. The importance of teaching pediatric residents about the “new morbidity” is discussed.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Chronic sleep disturbance is a common problem in preschool children. Prescription and non-prescription sedatives provide short-term palliative relief. Behavioral extinction by withdrawal of parental attention is enduringly effective but may be distressing short-term because of postextinction bursts of intense activity by the child. This study evaluated the effects of combining extinction and sedative medication (trimeprazine tartrate), prescribed in a reducing dose over the first 10 days of extinction. Control groups received either extinction alone or a placebo administered double-blind. After baseline, all subjects reduced their sleep disturbance to low levels, the extinction and placebo groups declining slowly, the medication group abruptly. These gains were maintained at follow-up. Measures of infant security and maternal anxiety showed improvements with treatment.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Functioning and coping of 43 families with children with phenylketonuria (PKU) was investigated. A significant positive correlation was found among perceived family cohesion, dietary adherence associated with metabolic control, and child IQ. Parental education also significantly related to dietary adherence and to higher IQ level in the child. In addition, paternal perception of family adaptability was related to the child's IQ. Child depression as perceived by the parents was related to family functioning and coping variables. Functioning of PKU families is discussed in relation to current theories of family functioning under stress.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID