ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether iron-deficient anemic infants show affective and attentional disturbances during play. The behavior of 21 iron-deficient anemic and 21 non-anemic 6-to 24-month-old Guatemalan infants and their mothers was analyzed during a videotaped 8-minute free-play session. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in measures of infant irritability, distractibility, or apathy. There were differences, however, in measures of spatial relations. In 71 % of the anemic infants, the duration of child-initiated body contact with their mothers was high, compared with a high level of contact in only 26% of the nonanemic babies (p= 0.01). Mothers of anemic infants spent less time at a distance from them, were less likely to break close contact, and were more likely to reestablish close contact if the baby moved away (p< 0.03). The increase in body contact was interpreted as a reflection of fearfulness, hesitance, or inactivity. The results suggest that the specific behavioral manifestations of iron deficiency anemia in infancy may vary with the context, differing in free play and structured developmental testing.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The temperament of a group of preterm infants (n= 126) was studied as part of a large, longitudinal study of infant temperament and behavior in a representative sample of Austrialian infants (n= 2443). Utilizing the Infant Temperament Questionnaire of Carey and McDevitt, previously revised and validated for an Australian population, ratings were made at 4 to 8 months corrected age, and data for the preterm group (less than 37 weeks gestation) were compared to those infants born at term (37 to 41 weeks). There were no significant differences between the two groups on any of the sociodemographic variables, on the mother's global rating of temperament, or on the reported incidence of colic, sleep problems, and excessive crying. There were also no differences between premature and full-term infants on any of the individual dimensions or clinical categories of temperament. We conclude that prematurity per se does not affect observed temperament at 4 to 8 months. However, we cannot extend these conclusions to high-risk infants who experience medical complications of prematurity, and who require intensive care for prolonged periods of time. These may represent an entirely different category of risk for subsequent difficult temperament and behavior problems.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Stimulant medications have been the treatment of choice for children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), yet long-term benefits have not been found. The present study examined the ability of an adjunctive cognitive behavioral self-control therapy program to improve upon these long-term results. Findings only partially supported the efficacy of the cognitive therapy, as demonstrated on the Matching Familiar Figures Test of impulsivity. However, this improvement did not persist over time. Results are discussed in terms of the need for pediatricians to consider individual differences in therapeutic response across patients.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Learning and behavior problems occur frequently in children with neurofibromatosis (NF), although, to the best of our knowledge, no one has described the types of problems encountered. This paper presents psychological test data on 23 NF children referred to a Learning Disorders Clinic. A high incidence of visual-perceptual disability was found in isolation (56%) or in conjunction with language deficits (30%). This pattern was found to differ from that seen in children with developmental learning disorders, without NF. The need for physicians to incorporate questions about learning and behavior into their history-taking process is stressed.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The impact of an unanticipated primary cesarean section on the mother, on the infant, and on their interaction was studied during the perinatal period and at 1 month following delivery. Thirty-four mother-infant pairs participated in the study. Fourteen subjects delivered by nonelective, nonemergency cesarean section. Twenty mothers, who delivered vaginally, served as the controls. All subjects had attended a series of prepared childbirth classes. Maternal questionnaire and infant observational data were collected on day 2 and on day 30. Mother-infant interactions in teaching and play sessions were assessed on day 30. The cesarean group was found to have a higher number of obstetrical complications, an increased incidence of maternal depression, and a more difficult convalescence. Previous experience with children emerged as an important mediating variable in the analysis of maternal affective status. No infant behavioral differences were detected as a function of mode of delivery. The discussion highlights the interventions that can be utilized to minimize the negative emotional consequences for women who deliver by cesarean section.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID