摘要:

ABSTRACT.This study examined the impact of recurrent otitis media on mothers' perceptions of themselves and of their 2-year-old children. Fifty-two mothers of children with and without histories of recurrent otitis media completed measures that rated the level of stress in the mother-child relationship at two points in time. The mothers of children who experienced six or more episodes of otitis media in the first 2 years of life rated their children as significantly more demanding at age two and at follow-up 6 months later than did the mothers of children who experienced no more than one episode of the illness. At the first point in time, these mothers also rated themselves as significantly more depressed and less competent than did control mothers, a pattern that was maintained at the follow-up. Findings of the study suggest that recurrent otitis media early in life may contribute to adverse perceptions of child and self that may persist for some time after the child has been relatively disease free and further suggest that parental perceptions may mediate relationships between early recurrent otitis media and later developmental outcomes.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:321–325, 1992.Index terms:mothers, ear infections, otitis media, parenting stress.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Night waking and crying are very common in infancy and can cause problems for parents and families. This study surveyed 218 healthy Korean infants from 3 months to 2 years old to determine their night waking and crying patterns. On average, 83% awoke and 28% cried more than once per night. Ninety-eight percent of the babies slept with a member of the family. Infants with transitional objects or nighttime habits (e.g., finger sucking, touching and/or playing with mother's or own hair, touching a part of mother's or own body) cried more frequently. In terms of the maternal response toward the crying babies, most of the mothers used traditional methods, such as patting/holding, feeding, changing diapers. Only one mother ignored the crying baby, and none used medication, delayed response, or white noise. Sixteen percent of the mothers indicated that their babies' crying constituted a problem for them.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:326–330, 1992Index terms:night waking, crying, Korean infants.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Although children with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) have been found to have cognitive delays, the relationship between patterns of cognitive function and diagnostic category, age of onset, duration and severity of disease has not been assessed before transplantation. Verbal and performance IQ (VIQ, PIQ) scores and scores on Bannatyne's cognitive factors for 43 children with ESLD were compared with those of 15 control children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and with existing normative data. Children with biliary atresia had deficits in PIQ, spatial and sequential scores. Children with α-1 antitrypsin deficiency did not differ significantly from CF controls but did show deficits compared with normative data. Children with onset of disease in the first year of life had deficits on all cognitive measures compared with both control groups. In contrast, children with later onset differed from the normative population only on VIQ and the acquired knowledge factor. In multiple regression analyses, duration of disease and indexes of liver dysfunction combine to predict cognitive scores. These preliminary findings suggest that children with early onset of liver disease are at high risk for cognitive impairment.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:331–338, 1992.Index terms:children, liver disease, cognitive patterns, IQ.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Mass hysteria is a bizarre and uncommon epidemic phenomenon. The usual victims are adolescent females and school settings are frequent. The epidemics are characterized by the rapid onset of a constellation of symptoms and signs which resolve quickly in the absence of abnormal laboratory results and physical findings that confirm a specific organic cause. It is common, however, for unexpected laboratory results to cause confusion and promote controversy about suspected etiologies. These outbreaks are often noted to be associated with periods of uncertainty and social stress.We describe an epidemic involving the explosive onset and rapid resolution of a constellation of symptoms that sent 17 seventh and eighth grade students and four teachers to the emergency department of a hospital after an apparent toxic gas exposure. Mildly elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels (for nonsmokers) in some patients raised concern that there had been exposure to excessive levels of carbon monoxide. Although no specific unusual stress could be identified at the school, the event took place 3 1/2 weeks after the beginning of the Persian Gulf War.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:339–342, 1992.Index terms:mass hysteria, epidemic hysteria, mass sociogenic illness.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Low birth weight is a major public health problem because it is a major contributor to infant mortality as well as to various types of morbidity among young children. Of particular concern is that black women have an increased risk of low birth weight babies compared with white women. Many etiologic factors for low birth weight have been identified, but even within homogeneous strata of risk, black women have a greater risk of low birth weight babies than do white women. The reasons for this excess risk are not well understood. Available evidence suggests that exposure to psychosocial stressors is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, prior work in this area has been limited by the lack of a valid and reliable tool to assess exposure to stressors among pregnant women. We report on the development and testing of such a questionnaire, the Prenatal Social Environment Inventory. In this questionnaire, exposure to stressors is conceptualized and measured in the context of chronic stressful conditions. The questionnaire is self-administered and can be used in clinical settings with pregnant women. Findings of psychometric evaluations showed that the questionnaire has acceptable levels of 30-day temporal stability (reliability), internal consitency, and construct validity.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:343–347, 1992.Index terms:low birth weight, psychosocial stressors.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The nonverbal communication skills of 10 children (mean age = 44.2 months) who underwent hemispherectomy for early onset intractable seizures were tested before and after surgery. A within-group analysis suggests that the 10 seizure-free children used more nonverbal communication after a mean followup period of 11.2 months than before surgery. Young normal language age matches were available for the 4 older and higher functioning subjects in the sample. Before surgery, the surgical subjects used less requesting gestures than did the normal children. After surgery, these differences were no longer apparent. The patients also employed more gestures to focus an adult's attention on objects and events than language-age-matched normal children. The children who underwent left or right hemispherectomy used similar nonverbal communication behaviors. The study's findings suggest that children with early onset intractable seizures have impaired early social communication that improves to some extent after hemispherectomy.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:348–356, 1992.Index terms:epilepsy, hemispherectomy, nonverbal communication, childhood.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This prospective study was designed to test the hypothesis that a significant proportion of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) children identified as “at risk‘’ for school problems at age 5 years by the Florida Kindergarten Screening Battery (FKSB) will present with specific learning disability (LD) when retested at age 8 years. A regional cohort of 81 of 84 ELBW survivors born between 1980 and 1982 were reassessed at age 8 years by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R), and tests of motor function. The association of FKSB risk status and WRAT-R reading subtest for predicting general reading disability in the overall sample at age 8 years resulted in a sensitivity of 0.68, specificity of 0.48, and a likelihood ratio of 1.3. Of the 43 “normal‘’ children at age 5 years with no neurosensory impairments and IQ ± 84 (McCarthy GCI), 49% were considered to be at “mild‘’ to “high‘’ risk for future LD. The prevalence of specific LD (reading disorder) at age 8 years in children with normal IQ (WISC-R ± 85) was 28%. The positive predictive value of the 5-year FKSB for identifying children with specific LD at age 8 years was 0.20 (sensitivity 0.33, specificity 0.48). We conclude the FKSB is not an efficient tool for predicting either general or specific LD in ELBW children.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:356–362, 1992.Index terms:learning disabilites, school entry, prematurity.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID