摘要:

A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the early development of children with d-transposition of the great arteries (N=171) repaired by an arterial switch operation that used either predominantly total circulatory arrest or predominantly continuous low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass. The children assigned to the circulatory arrest group scored lower than those assigned to low-flow bypass on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 1 year of age. Responses to parental questionnaires completed when the children were 2.5 years old indicated that the children in the circulatory arrest group, especially those with a ventricular septal defect, also manifested poorer expressive language and were considered to display more internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. The use of circulatory arrest to protect vital organs during open heart surgery might place children at increased risk of early developmental difficulties, especially in the domains of motor and language function.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

On the basis of social modeling theory and a sibling interaction hypothesis, it was hypothesized that specific relationship qualities between a pregnant or parenting teen and her younger sister would be associated with permissive younger sister outcomes, such as permissive childbearing attitudes and permissive sexual behavior. Results indicated that negative relationship qualities, such as rivalry, competition, and conflict, were more closely related to younger sisters engaging in problem, delinquent-like behavior and sexual behavior than were positive relationship qualities, such as warmth and closeness. Additionally, a shared friendship network with the older sister was found to be associated with extensive younger sister problem behavior and sexual behavior. Three potential explanatory processes are discussed.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The continuing contribution of early biological and psychosocial risk factors to developmental outcome of 55 very low birth weight infants (≤ 1500 g) was assessed at 4 years of age. Biological risk, assessed by the Neurobiologic Risk Score, accounted for significant portions of the variance in the perceptual-performance (17%) and motor (35%) dimensions of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Psychosocial risk, reflected in maternal appraisals of daily stress during the newborn period, did not account for a significant portion of variance in any of the McCarthy Scales. Maternal education level, however, another measure of psychosocial risk, accounted for significant portions of variance (from 6% to 34%) on each of the McCarthy Scales. Movement from low neurobiologic risk status to poor outcome status at 4 years of age was associated with a number of psychosocial variables, including maternal education and early levels of maternal daily stress. The findings are discussed in terms of early markers for very low birth weight infants who require careful follow-up and of potential intervention targets to promote developmental outcome.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was undertaken because there are almost no reports in the scientific literature on the subject of teasing. Teasing changes as it expresses developmental issues from playing peek-a-boo in infancy to expressing personal issues, such as boy/girl relationships, in adolescence. The form also changes as the cognitive capacity of the child changes. Two hundred fifty children from 1st, 3rd, 6th, 8th, and 11th grades were asked to describe teasing, its motive, and the reaction of the victim. The form of teasing was organized into hurtful (hitting or spitting), mean (calling a burn victim ugly) and symbolic, which allows the victim to realize that the provocation is “just words.” The forms correlated with age and suggest that progression through these forms can be understood in terms of the theories of psychological stages drawn from Piagetian and psycholinguistic studies. The dominant motivation for the child doing the teasing seemed at every age to be sadistic pleasure in the discomfort of the child being teased, although one sees some playful, benign teasing by late adolescence.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Parents of 183 children identified them as having “pain in arms, legs, or joints during the previous 12 months.” This group was compared with a group of children without pains selected randomly from the rest of a 1605-member community-based cohort in a study of chronic illness. The pains were most likely to be deep seated, to involve predominantly the lower limbs, and to be described in vague, nonspecific terms. These children were significantly more likely to have recurrent abdominal pain, a negative mood, and behavior problems, and to be aggressive, anxious, and hyperactive. There were no differences between the groups on any teacher ratings of behavior, temperament, social skills, or academic achievement. We conclude that children with “growing pains” are rated by their parents, but not their teachers, as having different temperamental and behavioral profiles than controls. These data suggest a psychosocial contribution to growing pains akin to that seen with other pain syndromes.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

CASE.Steven is a 9 year old who was brought to his pediatrician 1 year ago when his parents were concerned that “he never pays attention and is always forgetting to do his chores.” Attention-deficit disorder (ADD) was diagnosed. Steven responded to a stimulant medication and behavior modification moderately well for several months. Then, the original problems reappeared, and, despite trials of different doses and different medications, things worsened. Although Steven's school performance was good, the teacher and parents felt his self-esteem was declining. This worried his parents, who were also experiencing increased disagreement and conflicts about managing “Steven's ADD.” Furthermore, his younger brother was starting to “act up like Steven.” Phone calls and visits became more frequent and urgent. The pediatrician suggested the family join the local CHADD (Children and Adults with ADD) support group and loaned the parents some books on ADD. He met individually with Steven (who did little talking) and with the mother (who ventilated her worries and frustrations). He even met with the family to review Steven's situation, offer reassurance, check on compliance (which was good), and to offer more advice concerning the growing number and complexity of the problems. Things continued to worsen, and, at the latest visit, everyone seemed discouraged, angry, and tired. Although the pediatrician felt he had run out of answers, he also felt that a referral (for either Steven or the family) was not appropriate at this time, that he was uncertain to whom he would refer, that the family would not accept a referral, and that his managed care practice would not approve a referral in the present situation.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID