摘要:

Findings from a study of 47 children 4 to 12 years old who received tonsillectomies at a children's hospital indicated that adjustment before hospitalization was the strongest predictor of postsurgical adjustment. However, certain temperamental and mother-child relationship factors also were strongly related to and predictive of posthospitalization outcomes. Children who displayed the most positive reactions were temperamentally more rhythmical (i.e., had regular, predictable behavior), more approaching to new experiences and people, more adaptable to change and positive in mood, and more responsive. Although family adaptability and cohesion were not significantly associated with children's reactions to hospitalization, maternal trait anxiety and maternal overprotection, rejection, and overindulgence of the child were correlated with poorer adjustment. The findings have practical implications to helping children adjust more effectively to surgery and hospitalization, and they contribute to our understanding of resiliency and vulnerability in children.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is an absence of definitive information concerning the long-term outcome of children born with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Physicians, however, are called on to prognosticate about the future quality of life of these children. Our study examined pediatricians' and neonatologists' prognoses for infants with grade I- and grade-IV IVH and the impact of those prognoses on recommendations for treatment. A national random survey of 289 pediatricians and 283 neonatologists found that both groups expected infants with grade-I IVH to have slight impairments to future development, whereas infants with grade-IV IVH were expected to have severe impairments. Physicians prognosticated that infants with grade-IV IVH would function at a moderate to severe level of mental retardation, incapable of any employment, and residing in an institution. Furthermore, physicians would encourage parents to seek medical treatment of respiratory distress for the infant with grade-I IVH but were neutral or would discourage parents from seeking treatment for the infant with grade-IV IVH. Lastly, physicians' prognoses were significantly related to their recommendations for treatment. Several differences in physicians' prognoses and recommendations were found to be related to their discipline and training.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This research was an exploratory follow-up study of 51 infants who had experienced an “apparent life-threatening event” (ALTE) characterized by apnea and subsequent home cardiorespiratory monitoring. The purpose was to (1) describe relationships among perinatal characteristics, birth status, recurrent apnea, and ratings of the home environment, and (2) relate these measures to infant growth and developmental outcomes. The method included home visits and assessments of infant outcomes at 10 to 14 months, followed by retrospective review of obstetric and infant medical records. Perinatal characteristics, birth status, and recurrent apnea were interrelated correlates of both growth and developmental outcomes. The ratings of the home environment (HOME [Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment] Scale) were related to developmental outcomes and to a lesser extent to physical growth status. Hierarchical regression analysis entering gestational age, obstetric and postnatal complications, apnea, and HOME subscale 4 (provision of appropriate play materials) significantly enhanced the predictability of mental and psychomotor development. Future longitudinal research is necessary to explore whether the association between apnea and specific infant outcomes attenuates over time and whether the relationship is direct or mediated by parental perception of infant vulnerability and altered caregiving style.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous studies have shown blood pressure reactivity to exercise predicts future resting blood pressure. Subjects in this study were 206 healthy Mexican-American and Anglo-American families with fifth or sixth grade children. A total of 539 children (mean age = 12 years) and parents (mean age = 37 years) had complete data at baseline, and 79% were remeasured 48 months later. Blood pressure was measured during a submaximal cycle ergometer fitness test. Reactivity measures included systolic blood pressure at 70% of maximal heart rate (SBP70) and slope of the blood pressure-heart rate association during exercise (SLOPE). Stability of reactivity measures over 24 months varied from .22 to .63 (allp< 0.001). Correlates of blood pressure reactivity in parents included resting heart rate, gender, age, and sodium intake. Correlates of reactivity in children included resting heart rate, body mass index, and age. Modest but significant levels of family aggregation of blood pressure reactivity were observed. In stepwise multiple regression analyses, SBP70 at baseline predicted resting blood pressure 48 months later in parents but not in children. The present results confirm previous studies indicating systolic blood pressure reactivity to exercise is a significant predictor of later resting blood pressure.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Social support, daily hassles, marital discord, competence/adequacy, and psychological adjustment were investigated as hypothesized correlates of perceived physical appearance in 51 children with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies. Higher classmate, parent, and teacher social support were statistically predictive of higher perceived physical appearance. Higher daily hassles and marital discord were statistically predictive of lower perceived physical appearance. Higher peer acceptance, scholastic competence, and athletic competence were statistically predictive of higher perceived physical appearance. As a group, classmate, parent, and teacher social support, daily hassles, maternal and paternal perceived marital discord, peer acceptance, scholastic and athletic competence accounted for 78% of the variance in perceived physical appearance. Higher perceived physical appearance was in turn statistically predictive of lower depressive and anxious symptoms and higher general self-esteem. The findings are discussed in terms of the potentially modifiable predictors of perceived physical appearance and in terms of the role cosmetic differences play in psychological and social adaptation in children with visible physical handicaps.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study presents the frequency of behavioral symptoms in 4− and 5-year-old children as reported by parents in the Ontario Child Health Study. It also examines the relationship of the presence of child, parent, and family variables with parent-reported total scale scores.Eight of the 135 items were reported to be present by the parents of 50% or more of the 437 children in the sample. For 18 items, the prevalence rates for boys were significantly higher than for girls. Multiple regression analysis resulted in slightly different child, parent, and family variables influencing scores when total scores and scores on severe items only were used as dependent variables. Two variables appeared in both models: general health of the child and family status. Some of the child, parent, and family variables found to be associated with behavior disorder in older children do not appear to have as strong an association with disorder in 4− and 5-year-olds.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although there is a sizable literature on determinants of health-related habits in adults, relatively little attention has been paid to influences on health habits in children. The purpose of this study was to (a) develop practical, reliable, and valid measures of knowledge of and preference for cardiovascular disease-related diet and exercise behaviors in children, and (b) assess parental influences on children's knowledge and preference. Eighty-one 4− to 8-year-old children from diverse ethnic backgrounds and their parent or legal guardian participated. Children were presented with 15 attractive photo-pairs of foods. One photograph was of a “healthful” food or activity, and the other was “unhealthful.” They were asked to identify which food/activity of the pair they preferred, and which one they thought was more healthy. Children were retested after 1 week to determine test-retest reliability. Validity of the preference tests was determined by giving the child actual choices of the same activity and food pairs. Validity of knowledge tests was determined by testing children after an educational intervention session. The alpha coefficients, test-retest reliabilities, and validity data generally indicated that food preference and knowledge tests had adequate psychometric properties, but the physical activity scales did not. Very few parental influences on health-related behavior were detected.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Investigations of bulimia nervosa have focused primarily on adult samples, although bulimia nervosa commonly has its onset in adolescence. Pediatricians are often questioned about its etiology, course, and treatment. In an attempt to provide pediatricians with answers, we integrate findings from recent epidemiological and treatment studies with a clinical report of 18 women who developed bulimia nervosa during their teens and sought treatment at our eating disorders clinic.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID