摘要:

Intellectual and reading skills were evaluated and related to disease variables in 42 children with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. A significant interaction revealed lower Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) Performance IQ for children with early disease onset (>7 years) and long disease duration (≤5 years). IQ scores were nevertheless in the average range. Although there was no specific pattern of visual spatial impairment, functioning on the Performance subtests was uniformly lower for this group. Slower responding to the timed tasks of the Performance scale may account for generally lower scores. Children with early onset-long duration also evidenced higher rates of reading and memory impairment. These results indicate the importance of ascertaining educational skills in diabetic children before planning diabetic treatment regimens, especially for children with disease of early onset and long duration, who may be especially vulnerable to skill deficits.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The neurodevelopmental course of 219 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit graduates followed prospectively over 2 years was determined on retrospective chart review. Mild neuromotor abnormalities during the first year were identified in 50%, three-quarters of which proved transient with normal development at 2 years of age. Moderate abnormalities were identified in 7%, half of which proved transient. Severe neuromotor abnormalities were identified in 20%, two-thirds of whom had cerebral palsy at 2 years. Persistent noncerebral palsy neuromotor abnormalities remained in one-third of those in the severe abnormality group, one-half of those in the moderate abnormality group, and one-quarter of those in the mild abnormality group. As birthweight decreased, the incidence of always normal development and transient neuromotor abnormalities decreased while the incidence of persistent neuromotor abnormalities increased. Small for gestational age infants demonstrated a slightly higher incidence of persistent abnormalities than their appropriate for gestational age counterparts. No significant sex differences were observed.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We tested the hypothesis that parents of children with epilepsy may have unmet information needs because their physicians do not fully appreciate what those needs are. Twenty-four parents ranked 60 items of possible concern to them that reflected medical, school, socialization, personality, and family relationship issues. Five neurologists who treat children with epilepsy ranked the same 60 items to predict parental concerns. Ranking was performed using the Q-sort technique. Parents' and physicians' rankings were compared using a two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on 17 of the 60 items. The physicians tended to overestimate the importance of medical concerns and underestimate the importance of psychosocial concerns. Poor communication may occur when physicians do not recognize parental concerns or parental levels of understanding of health and illness.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To study the emergence of attention deficits in early childhood, the diagnostic team of an early education program documented the occurrence of poor concentration, distractibility, behavioral disorganization, poor self-monitoring, and overactivity in a group of 174 children followed prospectively from birth to school entry. Persistent attentional problems were identified in 5% of the children; 8% had problems which abated before kindergarten. Over the period from birth to kindergarten, 40% of the preschool youngsters were found to have some attentional indicator, but many of the findings were minor or transient. This study points to (1) the clustering of persistent attentional concerns with other developmental and environmental concerns, (2) the substantial long-term consequences of early attentional problems and (3) the feasibility of early detection of some children with attentional disorders.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Chronic fecal soiling is a distressing condition that often is associated with inappropriate psychological symptoms. This case report illustrates that a medical approach focusing on intensive “demystification” of the symptom and careful follow-up can successfully treat a child who initially might have been referred for psychiatric or even surgical consultation.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 10-year-old child who suffered closed head trauma resulting in a coma of 1 week's duration at the age of 4, developed a persistent, severe behavioral disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, distractability, irritability, and grandiosity. Prior attempts at treatment with stimulants and behavioral modification were unsuccessful. Treatment with lithium carbonate resulted in a marked reduction in symptoms and attenuation in her emotional lability.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Studies of the psychological adjustment of physically healthy siblings to their sibling's chronic illness indicate that there is no one-to-one correspondence between the presence of a chronic illness and risk for psychological disturbance in nonafflicted children. Although the presence of a chronic illness may increase siblings' subjective distress, effects of a chronic illness on the psychological adjustment of siblings are selective and vary with age, sex, and type of illness. Chronic illness is a stressor which, in interaction with other variables, may contribute to increased risk of psychological disturbance for some siblings. Although the variables which mediate the effects of a chronic illness on siblings are as yet poorly understood, the quality of family functioning and relationships has both direct and indirect effects on siblings and deserves primary consideration in the comprehensive care of chronically ill children. Future research might profitably focus on individual differences in sibling adaptation, especially on factors which contribute to positive adjustment, the role of the family context as a mediating influence, and evaluation of preventive interventions designed to enhance sibling adaptation.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article summarizes some of the recent literature on early intervention programs and their short and long-term results. The trend away from programs that focus primarily on cognitive approaches toward more comprehensive services to children and families is considered a step forward. Similarly, the use of broad measures of adaptation and social competence for measuring program effectiveness rather than cross-sectional IQ outcomes appears to be a sound approach. Evaluations of Headstart, The Perry Preschool Program, and the Yale Child Welfare Program are cited as illustrations.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Behavior therapy techniques are receiving increasing attention in the treatment of childhood obesity. This paper provides a selective review of experimental studies of childhood obesity that have utilized behavior therapy techniques with preadolescent populations. It further defines and describes specific behavior therapy techniques utilized in the modification of eating, exercise, and diet patterns in childhood obesity, including stimulus control, stimulus and response generalization, prompting, positive reinforcement, shaping, contingency contracting, and generalization and maintenance strategies.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID