摘要:

The objective of this study was to compare the behavior of healthy young children around feeding and mealtimes to the behavior of two clinical groups, children referred for feeding problems without related medical issues and those with medical issues associated with the feeding problems. Using the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale, data were obtained for 96 healthy children between the ages of 9 months and 7 years, and descriptive information is presented in the paper on these normal mealtime behaviors. In comparing this normative data to similar data obtained from the clinical groups, our primary purpose was to investigate whether children with feeding problems engage in fundamentally different behaviors (maladaptive) or similar behaviors, but at an increased frequency to normal children. Factor analysis identified five common patterns of behavior across the three groups. The difference in parental report of feeding difficulties between healthy and clinical groups appears to reflect the frequency in which the child with feeding difficulties engages in the problematic behavior, rather than fundamental differences in behaviors exhibited during mealtimes.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study determined whether or not students with dyscalculia had difficulty with attention as measured by the Conners' Computerized Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Fifty-six control subjects and 27 subjects with dyscalculia were administered the CPT. Performance was measured using percent omission errors, percent commission errors, mean response time, SE of response times (SE-RT), and a calculated overall attention index (CPT Index). Compared with controls, subjects with dyscalculia had higher CPT Index scores, made more omission errors, and had more inconsistent response times (SE-RT). Multiple regression analysis of arithmetic scores showed that SE-RT and percent commission errors were the only CPT measures that contributed to the arithmetic scores. Problems with attention, as measured by the Conners' CPT, were associated with lower arithmetic achievement scores. Students who have difficulties in arithmetic may have more attentional problems than other children, and students with attentional difficulties may be at risk for difficulties in arithmetic.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine whether motor development in premature infants varies according to sleep position, we evaluated 213 infants <1750 g birth weight enrolled in the Collaborative Home Infant Monitoring Evaluation (CHIME). At 56 weeks postconceptional age (PCA), sleep position was determined by maternal report, and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2nd Edition (BSID-II) were performed. Infants who slept supine were less likely than infants who slept prone to receive credit for maintaining the head elevated to 45° (p= .021), and infants who slept nonprone were less likely than prone sleepers to receive credit for maintaining the head elevated to 90° and lowering with control (p= .001). The Psychomotor and Mental Development Indices at 56 and 92 weeks PCA were not altered by usual sleep position at 56 weeks PCA. In summary, infants sleeping supine are less able to lift the head and lower with control at 56 weeks PCA, but global developmental status was unaffected. Supine sleeping has been associated with decreased risk for sudden infant death syndrome, but compensatory strategies while awake may be needed to avoid delayed acquisition of head control.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To assess the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) and associated factors, structured telephone interviews were conducted with primary caregivers of 217 children and adolescents with SCD aged 5 years or older. Prevalence, perceived causes, interventions undertaken, and emotional impact were assessed. Nocturnal enuresis was significantly higher for males (28.2% of males) than for females (11% of females),p= .002, and compared with cited population prevalence rates, nocturnal enuresis was significantly higher for children with SCD,p< .01. SCD was the most common reason given by primary caregivers for enuresis. Primary caregivers used a wide range of interventions for nocturnal enuresis, but few used empirically supported treatments for enuresis or spoke with their health care team about the enuresis. These data suggest that systematic assessment and intervention for nocturnal enuresis must be implemented in the follow-up care of children and adolescents with SCD.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examines the manifestation of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among females of varying ages by testing the utility of particular tests to discriminate older from younger females with ADHD. A retrospective clinical chart review was conducted at a community outpatient mental health center for 75 girls from 4 to 19 years of age with a diagnosis of ADHD or subthreshold symptoms of ADHD. Signal detection methods were used to identify which variables best differentiate older (mean age = 12.06, SD = 2.61) from younger (mean age = 7.11, SD = 1.08) girls with ADHD. Girls with comorbid diagnoses of a depressive disorder and higher verbal IQ scores were more likely to be older. Overall, the findings suggest that approaches to diagnosing ADHD among females may need to be modified to include appropriate age-based criteria.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

At her 6-month health supervision visit, Julie is accompanied by both her mother and father. Their main concern is persistent "colicky" behavior with "uncontrollable" episodes of crying and night wakening every 2 to 3 hours. The pediatrician discussed persistent crying and various soothing techniques at each previous health supervision visit. Julie's mother could not hold back tears as she described the baby's behavior and her own sleep deprivation. The parents portrayed the crying as "an off/on switch" without variations in volume. They read a book on sleep problems in infants and followed the advice. For a week, they allowed Julie to cry when she awakened. She cried for 1 to 3 hours each time without being able to settle herself. When her mother breast-feeds, Julie settles and then sleeps for a few hours before awakening in a crying state. However, her mother is unable to return to sleep quickly.As the pediatrician explored the family and home environment, a new behavior, beginning about 1 month before the office visit, emerged. Both parents were concerned that when Julie looked at her mother, she became agitated and anxious. The pediatrician, somewhat doubtful, then saw Julie smiling while in her father's arms. When she was turned toward her mother, Julie's facial features became tense and she appeared anxious. This was followed by what the pediatrician described as "fussy vocalizations ... as if she was stressed." Later in the office visit, the pediatrician deliberately repeated the same event and the baby had a similar response when turning to her mother. When she was transferred to her mother's arms, she did not console immediately but only after about 3 minutes. Julie's mother expressed loving feelings for her child alternating with "hating her and counting the days until she grows up." The father and maternal grandmother, who helps during the day with child care, are supportive but frustrated as the crying persists and the mother's sleep deteriorates. Along with Julie's mother, they are concerned about what they perceive to be a negative relationship between Julie and her mother.The parents are in their early thirties and this is their first child. The prenatal and perinatal history is normal. During the first 2 weeks of life, Julie was described as cuddly and easy to feed at breast. Frequent crying and night awakening began after the second week. Both parents work in sales in small retail stores. Julie's mother was planning to return to work 3 months after the birth of the baby, but sleep deprivation altered her plan. The father attends a community college two nights each week. The parents state that they have a good marriage.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Child health and illness are best conceptualized in terms of the interaction of biological, psychological, and social processes. Among the central factors in biopsychosocial models of health and illness are processes of coping and attention in response to stress. As a guide to research on biopsychosocial processes in child health and illness, a dual-process model of responses to stress is described, distinguishing between stress responses that are involuntary/automatic and those responses that are voluntary/controlled. Research on coping with stress is briefly reviewed, along with research on attentional processes in response to stress. The relationships between coping and attention are highlighted, along with the implications of this research for understanding children's health and illness. Throughout the article, examples are drawn from research on pediatric recurrent abdominal pain to illustrate important aspects of coping and attention.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID