ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Injury rates and characteristics of children with and without disabilities in separate day-care programs were studied retrospectively through a record review of injury logs. The study focused on three issues: (1) initial injury rates and multiple injury rates, with comparisons by gender and program; (2) the characteristics of children who were injured compared to those who were not injured; and (3) comparisons between programs on characteristics and consequences of injuries. Injury rates were calculated on the basis of children's exposure time in the day-care setting. Results showed that children with disabilities had higher rates of injury than those without disabilities. Injury prevention in day care should be tailored to the characteristics of children and the types of injuries that occur in this setting.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:402–408, 1994.Index terms:injuries, day care, children with disabilities.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The relationships between selected condition characteristics and self-esteem were investigated in a randomly drawn, community-based sample of 286 young adults with chronic illnesses and disabilities. Whether appraisals of the impact of the condition mediated relationships between condition characteristics and self-esteem, as measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, was also measured. As a group, the youth in this sample reported positive self-esteem. When sociodemographic and condition-related variables were considered simultaneously, maternal education, unpredictability of symptoms, prognosis, sensory impairment, and the presence of a co-occurring learning disability were found to have direct effects on esteem. Perceived impact mediated the relationship between condition characteristics and self-esteem. The results are discussed in relation to the role of impact appraisal in determining the emotional well-being of young adults with chronic illnesses.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:409–415, 1994.Index terms:young adults, self-esteem, disabilities, chronic illness, cognitive appraisal.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A prospective study of 59 colicky infants and 58 age-matched controls assessed infants' temperament at the ages of 3 and 12 months and their sleeping patterns at the ages of 8 and 12 months. At age 3 months, the mothers regarded the colicky infants as more intense in their reactions, less persistent, more distractible, and more negative in their mood. At age 12 months, mothers regarded 23% of the colicky infants to be more difficult than average compared to 5% of controls. The mothers regarded their colicky infants as more active and less persistent. However, the Toddler Temperament Scale showed no difference between the groups in any area of temperament. No significant difference was found between the two groups in sleeping patterns. The discrepancy between infants' actual temperament and mothers' general perception of temperament may reflect the influence of infantile colic on the mother-infant relationship.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:416–420, 1994.Index terms:crying, infant, infantile colic, sleeping, temperament.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Fluorescent serum antibody determinations were used to examine whether children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or less pervasive obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) would show evidence of caudate nucleus involvement. Recent studies of OCD have documented smaller caudate nucleus volumes in adults with childhood onset than in normal controls, but not smaller putamen volumes. Thirty-eight cases were recruited from an ongoing study of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Nineteen samples from clinical cases had existing or previously documented OCS and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without concomitant tics. Nineteen additional clinical controls with ADHD, but without tics or OCS, were identified. The sera from clinical cases showed antibodies directed against caudate [odds ratio (OR) 2.0; 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.0 to 4.1], putamen (OR 3.0; 95% Cl 1.5 to 5.8), or both (OR 2.9; 95% Cl 1.58 to 5.7) at a rate significantly higher than that of clinical controls, providing evidence of basal ganglia involvement in OCS. These preliminary data do not support a differential effect against caudate compared to putamen for these children, but suggest a more generalized central nervous system response.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:421–425, 1994.Index terms:antineuronal antibodies, Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between a history of childhood physical abuse and later substance abuse, controlling for family history of substance abuse. The study was a cross-sectional survey. Subjects were a convenience sample of mothers with children younger than 6 years being seen for routine care in five pediatric clinics. Mothers were given an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire on demographics, substance abuse, history of physical abuse, and family history of substance abuse. Of the 733 respondents, 24% reported having been physically abused, 24% reported a family history of substance abuse, and 36% had a positive screen for substance abuse. A positive screen for substance abuse was more common among those who reported having been abused than those who had not (47% vs 32%,p< .001). After controlling for family history of substance abuse, a history of being abused remained significantly associated with current substance abuse (odds ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 2.2). Suffering abuse during childhood is a significant risk factor for later substance abuse, even after controlling for a family history of substance abuse. Clinicians treating victims of abuse may wish to include substance abuse prevention measures.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:426–429, 1994.Index terms:alcohol abuse, drug abuse, child abuse.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Children with tic and habit disorders are often seen by pediatricians, psychologists, or psychiatrists for evaluation and treatment. Current knowledge of the treatment-outcome research in these areas can serve as an important guide in the evaluation and treatment planning process. This article reviews the behavior therapy and pharmacological treatment of motor and vocal tic disorders, self-destructive oral habits, trichotillomania (hair pulling), onychophagia (nail biting), and thumb sucking. The research evidence indicates that all of these disorders can be effectively treated with behavioral or pharmacological approaches.J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:430–441, 1994.Index terms:tics, bruxism, trichotillomania, onychophagia, thumb sucking.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID