摘要:

Achondroplasia, the most common skeletal dysplasia, is characterized by delayed and aberrant motoric development in childhood. Delays and aberrancy are secondary to the anatomical differences inherent in people with achondroplasia. We present a photographic essay documenting biophysical differences, aberrant pre-orthograde movement strategies, and selected adaptive techniques. A parental questionnaire assessed the presence of, predominance, and ages at which various types of pre-orthograde locomotion were observed. Fine and gross motor skills were assessed contemporaneously by use of the Denver Developmental Screening Test in 93 children with achondroplasia and were found to be more delayed than previously reported. Physicians, therapists, early-childhood educators, and parents should recognize that aberrant does not mean maladaptive and that different development is not defective development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To investigate the relationship between primitive reflexes and typical early motor development, 156 full-term infants with normal 18-month developmental outcomes were assessed using a modified Primitive Reflex Profile (PRP) and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at 6 weeks and 3 and 5 months. No significant positive or negative correlations were obtained between the scores of the PRP and the AIMS at any of the ages assessed. Similarly, PRP scores did not differ between infants scoring above and below the 50th percentile on the AIMS. Primitive reflexes were unrelated to motor development. If this finding is maintained among infants at risk for motor disability, observational assessment of spontaneously generated movement, rather than isolated testing of primitive reflexes, might yield more valuable information on the child's overall level of maturation. Intervention for children with identified motor delays or neurological impairments might not need to be focused on either suppression or enhancement of these motor functions.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Little is known concerning sexually experienced and inexperienced adolescent girls' perceptions of the prevalence of condom use and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Girls (n=174; 41% sexually experienced) rated the prevalence of condom use among friends and STDs among male and female friends and adolescents in general. Girls perceive the prevalence of STDs similarly across both gender and level of familiarity. For the most part, however, the girls perceived the prevalence among boys and girls more similarly than among friends and adolescents in general. No significant differences were found between sexually experienced and inexperienced girls in perceptions of condom use prevalence, but girls with a history of STD perceived condoms as used less frequently. Girls with an STD history perceived STDs as the most prevalent, followed by sexually inexperienced girls and then sexually experienced girls without a history of an STD. After an adolescent girl initiates sexual intercourse, STD experience could be a key variable in affecting her perceptions. Prevention programs can incorporate an understanding of patients' perceptions of condom use and STDs.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Milk (Similac), sucrose (12% wt/vol), or water were delivered to crying normal newborns once per minute for 5 minutes, in a volume of 0.1 mL/delivery. Milk and sucrose markedly reduced infant crying, and this calm persisted during the 3 minutes after substance delivery. Infants who received water were only marginally quieted, and this calm did not persist. Despite quieting agitated infants, milk did not cause them to bring their hands to their mouths during the period of milk treatment, whereas infants who received sucrose did bring their hands to their mouths. These data demonstrate that milk effectively quiets human newborns, that its quieting effects endure, and that the mechanisms that quiet and that underlie hand-in-mouth engagement are separable and independent.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We examined the contribution of physiologic and environmental variables to the process of weaning a child with chronic respiratory failure from mechanical ventilation support. Surveillance measures, e.g., blood oxygenation, were obtained from a 6-year-old child with multiple medical and developmental disorders who received three different rates (24, 22, and 20 tidal volumes per minute) of intermittent mechanical ventilation. Direct observations were used to calculate rates of aberrant behavior, e.g., aggression toward self, for task versus play settings within the intermittent mechanical ventilation rates. Rates of aberrant behavior and adult responses were tabulated from videotaped observations for task, attention, and no attention settings. The greatest rate of aberrant behavior occurred during tasks compared with play activities, regardless of whether attention was provided while playing. Adults also responded more often to aberrant behaviors during task versus play conditions. Clinical implications are discussed concerning the inclusion of developmental and behavioral variables during weaning from mechanical ventilation.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

CASE.Sammy, a 6-year-old new patient, came to his pediatrician for a health supervision visit. He had moved recently with his mother and two siblings, after a stormy marital separation. His mother felt that Sammy and his two younger siblings had weathered the events that led to the separation reasonably well. His birth and developmental history were uneventful. He had a good year in kindergarten, developed several friendships, and was responsive to early learning skills. His past medical history did not include any hospitalizations or chronic illness. The pediatrician recognized the potential importance of the parents' separation. Focused questions to his mother revealed that the father remained in their old home, in a city 300 miles away; the children had not seen their father for 6 months, although he called them approximately once a month. The mother was living with a man with whom she had a close relationship. She stated that the children enjoyed the company of her friend, although Sammy seemed to play with him less than the younger children did. Marital discord had been ongoing for 2 years before the separation. Although heated verbal arguments had occurred frequently between the parents, Sammy's mother denied either child abuse or spousal abuse. The pediatrician asked Sammy to draw a picture of his family doing an activity together. She used this opportunity to talk to his mother alone. In response to the question, “Is there anything else you would like to tell me about Sammy?”, Sammy's mother said that she was concerned about his tendency “to do things like a girl.” He frequently asked his mother if he could dress in her clothes; on a few occasions, she found Sammy with one of her dresses on. He preferred to play with his sister's girlfriends rather than with boyfriends. At one time, he put on his mother's makeup. Sammy's mother described him as “effeminate, with manners and body movements more like a girl than a boy his age.”

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID