摘要:

We compared two educational interventions (didactic lecture with handouts vs guidelines placed in patient charts) and assessed their impact on knowledge of early developmental services and identification of children eligible for these services. Forty-nine pediatric residents participated in preintervention and postintervention tests of knowledge of such services. Mean scores for all residents were 54% (pre-test) and 60% (post-test). First-year residents scored significantly lower than 2nd- and 3rd-year residents on pre- (p=.0001) and post-tests (p<.02). From our convenience sample of 1204 patients, ages newborn to 6 years, seen in the resident continuity clinic during the study period, residents identified children eligible for early developmental services. The mean percentage of identifying eligible children was 13% (range, 0-40%). We did not detect a statistically significant impact of either educational strategy. We conclude, therefore, that more comprehensive strategies are needed to change physician knowledge of and behavior toward early developmental services.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study explored the differential effects of written versus oral instructions on parents' recall of information and satisfaction after pediatric appointments. Ninety-six parents completed descriptive information and satisfaction ratings, and four pediatricians completed ratings concerning the complexity level of the appointment. After the appointment, parents were randomly assigned to the Written condition (to receive a transcription of the pediatrician's instructions) or Oral condition (verbal instruction only). Parents were telephoned 5 to 7 days later to report their recall of instructions and satisfaction with the appointment. For the Oral condition parents only, more previous appointments with a given pediatrician were associated with greater parental satisfaction and recall of instructions, and more previous appointments and more time spent with the pediatrician were related to fewer forgotten instructions. Parental characteristics, such as age, number of children, and occupational status, were associated with satisfaction and accurate recall. Implications of these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We questioned parents of 182 young children with a variety of chronic health conditions concerning the amount of emotional, informational, and tangible social support they received from the family, community, and service providers. We also asked parents to describe nonsupportive or hurtful behaviors received from family or community members. Both mothers and fathers reported that family members provided the most emotional and tangible social support and service providers the most informational support. The amount of perceived support from all sources increased over time, but 78% of mothers and 60% of fathers reported at least one instance of nonsupport from these same sources, primarily from extended family members and health professionals. We encourage health professionals to show respect and to provide timely, accurate information in a sensitive manner to parents whose child has a chronic health condition and to assist parents in handling nonsupportive behaviors from family and friends.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The prevalence of the fragile X mental retardation (FMR) 1 and FMR2 full mutations (fM) was examined among 1014 school-age children with academic difficulties but without mental retardation. Both Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses for FMR1 and FMR2 were performed on samples obtained from these children. No fM genes were found, and one FMR1 premutation was identified. The distribution of allele sizes for both genes was comparable to those reported for other clinical and normal population samples. These results suggest that neither the FMR1 nor the FMR2 mutation is a common etiology of academic failure among school-age children without mental retardation and that the prevalence of the FMR1 premutation is no more frequent in children with academic failure than it is in the general population.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We assessed the sexual behavior patterns of 368 unmarried, sexually active adolescent boys (294 rural, 74 urban) and their knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and correct use of condoms. The mean knowledge score for STDs was low and significantly associated with educational level (p<.0001). The mean awareness score for correct use of condoms was 0.42 on a scale of 10 and significantly associated with employment status and age at first coitus (p<.001). There was a negative correlation (-0.17) between literacy and knowledge of correct use of condoms. Selection of the first sexual partner, usually a prostitute, was influenced by employment status, age at first coitus, and literacy level. These data suggest that sexually active adolescent boys in Gujarat, India are inadequately prepared to protect themselves against STDs and, therefore, that it is imperative to impart to them some knowledge of safe sex.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

CASEJaquette, a 4-month-old African-American infant, is brought to the pediatrician for a health supervision visit. She was born full term after a healthy gestation, labor, and delivery. She nurses vigorously, developmental milestones are normal, and her physical examination reveals an emotionally robust, active, and physically healthy child. When the pediatrician inquires about her sleep-wake pattern, the mother informs him that she nurses Jaquette frequently through the night in the bed they share. Both parents state that they are comfortable with this arrangement.CASEPaul, an 18-month-old toddler, has always slept in the same bed with his mother. A single professional woman who read extensively concerning child rearing before Paul's birth, his mother was aware that most child health specialists recommend separate sleeping areas for children and parents. At previous visits to her pediatrician, she intentionally avoided the subject. Although she stated that she enjoyed nursing Paul on demand while sharing a bed, she was beginning to feel ambivalence. She wanted to wean him from the breast, but she was unclear about how to initiate the process, especially at night.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID