摘要:

The concurrent validity and reliability of the Minnesota Child Development Inventory (MCDI) was assessed by comparing the MCDI general development index score, and each of the seven subscale scores, with the mental and psychomotor age equivalents achieved on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. In addition, the co-positivity, co-negativity, positive and negative predictive values of the MCDI in identifying infants with a mental development index (MDI), or psychomotor development index (PDI) of greater than 2 SD below the mean were assessed. Subjects were 101 infants (8 to 19 months old) who were seen at a neonatal developmental follow-up clinic after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Correlations were obtained for the entire sample as well as for the two chronological age groups (i.e., 8 to 10 months and 17 to 19 months) within the sample.A strong correlation between the MCDI scales and the Bayley Mental and Psychomotor Scales was documented for the entire population as well as for the individual age groups. The overall validity of the MCDI in identifying infants with a MDI or PDI of > 2 SD below the mean was limited due to relatively poor co-positivity and positive predictive value. Although the MCDI may yield consistent information about the development of an infant's skills, this research suggests the MCDI has limited capacity to discern infants having delayed development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study evaluates the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in improving the home behavior of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Twenty-five boys (age 7 to 13) with a diagnosis of ADHD were randomized to a CBT or supportive therapy control group. Outcome measures included parent and teacher ratings of the child on the Behavior Problem Checklist-Attention Problem Subscale (BPC-AP), and the Self-Control Rating Scale (SCRS), parent ratings on the Modified Werry Weiss Activity Scale, and child ratings on the Piers Harris Self-Concept Scale and Matching Familiar Figures Task. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance for main effects. A significant improvement favoring CBT was found on the Werry Weiss Scale, which measures the parent's perception of the child's hyperactivity in the home, and the child's rating of his/her self-esteem on the Piers Harris Self-Concept Scale. Other outcome measures did not demonstrate statistical differences. This research provides support for the use of CBT in children with ADHD. CBT was found to improve the parent's perception of the child's hyperactivity in the home as well as the child's self-esteem.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Child noncompliance with prescribed medical regimens, including nonacceptance of oral medication, frequently impedes medical treatment and achievement of clinical aims. During this study, we used a single-subject experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of a capsule-swallowing training curriculum specifically developed to promote acceptance of oral medication by multihandicapped children. Four such children participated, each diagnosed with a chronic pediatric illness requiring daily intake of oral medication. Training consisted of verbal instruction, demonstration, reinforcement for swallowing candies/capsules progressively larger in size, ignoring mild inappropriate behavior, and gradually providing less guidance and structure. In each case, the curriculum produced routine independent swallowing of prescribed capsules/tablets. Follow-up assessments, coupled with parent satisfaction ratings, suggest that skill acquisition was both enduring and clinically significant. This study validates a brief, readily exportable, and effective approach to teaching handicapped children to swallow capsules.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One hundred patients aged 5 through 20 years with cystic fibrosis, their parents, and their physicians were interviewed to assess patients' perceptions of compliance with prescribed treatments. Measures included self-administered questionnaires and the Medical Compliance Incomplete Stories Test. It was hypothesized that age-related differences in perceived compliance would be found and that such perceptions would vary as a function of four sociobehavioral factors (perceived severity of illness, optimism, level of independence in medical therapy, and degree of knowledge/understanding of illness). In addition, it was anticipated that the relationships between perceived compliance and the sociobehavioral factors would vary with age. Support for each hypothesis was found. Perceived compliance was related to age, with younger children showing greater perceived compliance to the medication regimen. Better perceived compliance was found to be associated with higher levels of optimism and child knowledge of the disease. Age differences in relationships between perceived compliance and optimism and child knowledge were found. Developmental implications for practice and future research are suggested.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Primary care and regular track residents in one pediatric program were compared with respect to knowledge, perceived level of competence, and attitudes relative to developmental and behavioral pediatrics from beginning to end of the residency. Measures of knowledge and self-perception of competence showed a common pattern characterized by (1) no differences between primary care and regular track residents on entry into the program, (2) significant progress in both groups over the period of the residency, (3) significantly greater progress by primary care residents. Ratings regarding relevance of developmental and behavioral issues for pediatric practice showed that ratings of relevance were significantly higher at the beginning of the residency among primary care residents and remained higher throughout.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine whether incomplete carbohydrate absorption plays a role in mediating the effects of formula change on babies' crying, breath hydrogen excretion and behavior were measured in 17 normal formula-fed infants who entered a feeding trial at 28 days of life. The trial permitted two comparisons between (1) lactose and reduced lactose soy-based formulae, and (2) the infant's usual pretrial formula and the subsequent soy-based variable-carbohydrate formulae. Reduced lactose formula was associated with a small reduction in H2excretion (from a mean of 15 to 7 ppm,p= .07) but no difference in crying or fussing. However, compared with their usual pretrial formula, the change to soy-based variable-carbohydrate formulae was associated with a substantial and sustained reduction in H2excretion (mean 32 to 11 ppm,p< .03) and a modest 21% decline in fussing (90.4 to 71.5 min/24 hr,p< .08). By 8 days after the formula change, there was a 40% decline (90.4 to 53.9 min/24 hr) in fussing. These results suggest that, although behavioral changes due to differences in carbohydrate content are unlikely in normal infants, formula changes involving protein and carbohydrate can reduce colonic gas production and may have some effect on crying. Such effects may be implicated when feeding changes occur in normal infants, but their potential role in treatment of crying problems (colic) is yet to be demonstrated.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Failure-to-thrive (FTT) is a chronic symptom accounting for 1% of all patients admitted to pediatric hospitals. FTT, which is traditionally attributed to organic (OFTT) and/or nonorganic (NFTT) causes, results in undernutrition. Undernutrition has potentially serious effects on child development, behavior, and cognitive skills. We undertook a study of children with FTT to determine whether multidisciplinary team treatment resulted in improved weight gain compared with children treated in a primary care setting. Fifty-three children with NFTT referred to our outpatient FTT consultative clinic and 107 children with NFTT identified as comparision subjects from our primary care clinic (PCC) were enrolled in the study. Growth outcomes over a 6-month follow-up were analyzed using growth quotient (GQ) analysis. Children followed in the multidisciplinary team clinic grew better (GQ = 1.75 ± 0.39 SD) than did children in the PCC (GQ = 1.18 ± 0.42 SD,p< .001). The use of a multidisciplinary team offers special advantages in the rapid correction of undernutrition in children with NFTT.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To better understand the complex associations between undernutrition and poverty in determining behavioral outcome for infants with failure-to-thrive (FTT), we have reviewed findings from research in undernutrition among animal models and among children in developing countries, where rates of infant undernutrition are extremely high. The associations among undernutrition, poverty, and family functioning persist in both animal and human research, whether manipulated in laboratory settings or observed in natural settings. Although environmental support and stimulation appear to ameliorate many of the negative consequences associated with undernutrition, infants with a history of nutritional deprivation are at increased risk for behavioral and emotional problems. Recommendations for prevention and intervention follow an ecological framework and include adequate access to food, knowledge of nutritional requirements and feeding approaches, support for parents and families, and a nurturant environment for infants.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID