摘要:

The Pediatric Examination of Educational Readiness was administered to 386 preschool children to determine whether the predicitive value of this instrument could be enhanced by the inclusion of systematic measures of processing efficiency, selective attention, behavioral adaptation, and neuromaturation. Findings on these dimensions, as well as the traditional developmental attainment measure, were consistent with McCarthy cognitive scores. Concerns regarding developmental attainment, processing efficiency, and selective attention were more common in children later found to have weak kindergarten mastery skills. Data analysis revealed minimal redundancy and specific additive effects in this multidimensional assessment. It is concluded that such instruments can contribute to a broader, more integrated diagnostic procedure for behavioral and developmental problems.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The psychiatric morbidity in a group of 36 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) was compared with that in a healthy matched control group. Psychiatric diagnoses, based on the ICD scheme of classification, were much more common in the CF group. Social background factors were related only poorly to psychosocial adaptation. There were moderate correlations between impaired pulmonary function and increased psychopathology; stronger correlations were found with variables related to mental health of the parents and family life. It is suggested that many children with CF require psychological help, a need that may increase as the disease progresses.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of methylphenidate dosages were assessed in 42 hyperactive children who were tested off drug at the beginning and end of an 18-week study and 2 weeks after initiation of various dosages. Initial methylphenidate doses of 0.2 mg/kg were increased biweekly until 0.8 mg/kg was reached or the child showed adverse personality or physiologic effects. Measures included an objective test of the ability to sustain attention and behavioral ratings completed by parents and teachers. Data were analyzed separately for groups attaining low, moderate, and high maximum doses (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively). For all dosage groups behavior and attention improved with increased dosage, and the best scores were associated with the highest drug levels. In contrast to previous reports, differences in optimal dosage levels for behavior and cognitive performance were not seen. This discrepancy may result from the lack of individual titration based on tolerance in earlier reports.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Preterm (N = 33) and full-term (N = 18) low birth weight subjects were compared at age 9 to 11 years to 52 full-term normal birth weight subjects of similar age and socioeconomic levels. All groups were evaluated by a psychiatrist who was not aware of prenatal or perinatal histories at the time of the interview. Mothers completed various standardized questionnaires designed to elicit information about the children's behaviors. There were no significant differences among the groups in the numbers of subjects with diagnoses of psychiatric disorders or in scores on ratings of hyperactivity, general behavioral maladjustment, and specific behavioral factors. These results indicate that low birth weight per se does not portend serious psychiatric sequelae during middle childhood.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Female patients with anorexia nervosa (N = 34) were compared with two control groups of nonorganically ill, nonpsychotic female psychiatric patients. One control group was matched on several demographic variables; the other group was unmatched. Profiles on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory indicated less psychologic disturbance among the anorectic patients than in the matched control sample, but more feelings of turmoil or distress than were reported in studies of adolescent medical patients and high school seniors. Anorectic patients were described by ward personnel as less physically capable and more timid than controls; they also displayed less heterosexual interest, interacted less often with both peers and staff, were viewed as being unhappier, and were described as expressing anger in relatively passive ways.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Perceptions of diagnostic terms were investigated in a study of 30 mothers of developmentally deviant preschoolers, 24 psychiatrists, 24 pediatricians, and 15 therapeutic nursery school educatirs. Statistical analysis of ranking by severity revealed little concordance between mothers and professionals and among the three groups of professionals. Results indicated that the mothers tended to discard or reinterpret diagnostic terms to permit themselves to maintain hope. Professional awareness of the potential for miscommunication with parents is urged.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An abbreviated form of the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, which provides descriptions of the subtler behavioral responses of newborns, was taught to medical students in a single afternoon. The content of the modified assessment is outlined, and its effectiveness in terms of parental satisfaction and heightened sensitivity of students to newborns' interactive capacities is described. This abbreviated scale can be easily incorporated into pediatric postpartum visits.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifteen infants and children with a diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT) were followed at one to three years postdischarge. Data were gathered from in-home interviews, psychosocial questionnaires, measurement of present height and weight, and administration of the Developmental Profile. Nine of the 15 children were still failing to thrive; the other 6 were considered recovered. The nonthriving group consisted of three subgroups: (1) developmentally retarded, (2) organic basis FTT, and (3) psychosocial FTT. The developmentally retarded children were significantly different in that they required more attention, had greater constipation, and engaged in less tantrum behavior. Further, they were significantly more impaired in the physical, self-help, and social areas of development. The difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of FTT children are discussed. Suggestions for the enhancement of medical management of this complex and life-threatening disorder are offered.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID