摘要:

Although little research has been done on the topic, it is commonly believed that attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH) is often associated with elevated levels of physical complaints. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the prevalence of physical signs and symptoms (primarily gastrointestinal, respiratory, and dermal) in preschool-age ADDH and non-ADDH children. In the first two studies, the parents of ADDH children reported consistently greater frequency of such signs and symptoms than did the parents of non-ADDH children. In the third study, parents kept daily logs for 21 days, in which they recorded three times each day the presence or absence of each sign and symptom. In this study, there also was a remarkable increase in the frequency of reported physical signs and symptoms for the ADDH children. Several possible mechanisms for these findings are discussed.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:305–310, 1987.Index terms:hyperactivity, physical signs and symptoms.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The association between effective metabolic control and patients' intelligence test performance and behavior in phenylketonuria (PKU) has been demonstrated frequently. The present study reexamined this relationship in a population of 41 young children with early-treated PKU, and added a dimension of family investigation to determine relationships between dietary phenylalanine control and patient functioning, family functioning and phenylalanine control, and family functioning and patient functioning. Significant correlations were found between concurrent phenylalanine control and patients' intelligence test scores, and lifetime phenylalanine control and patients' social competence. Parent-report measures of family psychological adjustment, stress, interaction, and socioeconomic status showed no significant association with children's dietary phenylalanine control. Family cohesion and adaptability correlated positively with patients' cognitive performance. Results support a policy of diet continuation in PKU, and suggest that family interaction patterns influence patient functioning. Longitudinal study of family factors in PKU is indicated.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:311–317, 1987.Index terms:phenylketonuria, family functioning, low phenylalanine diet.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The neurological status of 9− and 30-day-old infants, as assessed by the Prechtl neurological examination, was significantly and differentially related to prenatal exposure of cigarettes, marijuana, and alcohol. Data on approximately 250 babies, born to healthy, white, predominantly middle-class women, were analyzed using discriminant function analyses controlling for potentially confounding variables. Prenatal cigarette exposure was associated with hypertonicity and increased nervous system excitation, particularly at 30 days, prenatal marijuana exposure was associated with symptoms similar to mild narcotic withdrawal, and prenatal exposure to relatively low levels of alcohol was associated with slightly lowered nervous system arousal at 9 days of age. The results were related to behavioral observations on neonates exposed to drugs prenatally.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:318–326, 1987.Index terms:cigarettes, marijuana, alcohol, neonatal neurological status, withdrawal.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Research on attitudes toward the disabled generally has focused on adult perceptions of disabled adults, or children's attitudes toward peers. In view of changing social practices, such as mainstreaming in education and community integration of children with special needs, measures of adults' attitudes toward disabled children are needed. This paper reports on the development and validation of a 30-item self-report questionnaire assessing parental attitudes toward children with handicaps, and presents information concerning several determinants of parental attitudes. The measure is easy to use, reliable, and shows good evidence of construct validity. It detects differences among parents by gender, by parental education and occupational status, by cultural background of parents, by parental familiarity with a handicapped person, and by stimulus (physically disabled vs. mentally retarded child referent). Results are discussed in relation to determinants of parental attitudes toward handicaps. Potential applications of this measures for evaluation of teacher attitudes are suggested.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:327–334, 1987.Index terms:attitudes, parents, handicapped, measures.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Studies investigating the relationship between hyperactivity, antisocial behavior, and injury in children are reviewed. Most of the studies have reported that these behaviors are important risk factors for injury. However, design problems with these studies are noted. Early studies employed inappropriate control groups, or omitted them altogether, whereas more recent studies have used retrospective measures that depend on the recall of mothers and teachers, and which are therefore vulnerable to bias. When, on the other hand, prospective designs were used, a relationship between hyperactivity and injury was not found. In all these recent studies, a relationship between injury and management problem or aggressive behavior was reported. It is concluded that the relationship between hyperactivity and injury is still under question, and that a further prospective study will be required to resolve the issue.J Dev Behav Pediatr 8:335–340, 1987.Index terms:injury, hyperactivity, child behavior, antisocial behavior, aggression.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID