ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The goal of this study was to provide a behavioral profile of apneic infants and to examine relationships between behavioral ratings, apnea frequency, age, and concurrent developmental status. Two samples of previously apneic infants were included in this exploratory analysis using the Infant Behavior Record (IBR) as a measure of temperament. Frequency of IBR suspect ratings was more than twice those reported for the Bayley standardization sample for tension, object orientation, attention, and reactivity. Apnea frequency, age, and developmental status were significantly related to a number of IBR ratings with relationships remaining significant for apnea and decreased responsiveness to persons and sensory interest after controlling for age and developmental status in the combined samples. These findings are consistent with a behavioral profile described as a lethargic temperament but may reflect early physiologic instability rather than inherent behavioral style.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:158–164, 1992.Index terms:apnea, temperament, development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigated the efficacy of an intervention program in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on the development of premature infants from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. Sixty premature infants born at a county hospital over an 8-month period and their mothers were the focus of this study. The infants were assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. The experimental group received teaching and reinforcement about their babies' behavior from a child development specialist when they visited the NICU. Of the initial 60 infants, 49 completed the study at 8 months, but because data from only the first born of twin pairs were used, 41 infants were included in the final analysis. Infants were divided into two weight groups: one below and one above 1500 g. There was a significant effect of the intervention on the infants' mental and motor scores at 4 and 8 months. Significant differences on the total Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) were noted between the groups. There were some significant differences between intervention and control groups on the interaction of the mother with the infant at 4 months but not in the play situation at 8 months. The lighter premature infants had a greater boost from the intervention than did the heavier premature infants. The intervention had no effect on the mother's perception of her infant's temperament or on her confidence skills. In line with other research findings, the infants who weighed less than 1500 g seemed to have benefited most from the intervention, and the effect of the intervention was most notable at 4 months. By 8 months, the difference between groups had decreased.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:165–172, 1992.Index terms:NICU intervention, outcome, development.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Habitual physical activity in children is related to physical fitness and appears to mediate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We studied the physical activity patterns and associated variables of a large bi-ethnic cohort of 4-year-old children from low to middle socioeconomic families. Trained observers coded the behavior of 351 children (150 Anglo-American, 201 Mexican-American; 182 boys, 169 girls) during two 60-minute home visits and two unstructured recesses lasting up to 30 minutes each at 63 different preschools, Findings indicated that although children were much less active at home, there were low but significant correlations between their activity patterns at home and during recess (r= .13). Children who had activity-promoting toys at home also tended to have them available during preschool recess (r= .20). Ethnic differences were evident for both activity and environmental variables. Mexican-American children were less active than Anglo children at home (p< .002) and during recess (p< .03), thus adding to the adult literature that has found Mexican-Americans to be less active than Anglos, and supporting to the notion that physical activity life-style habits may be established in early childhood. In both settings, Mexican-American children spent more time in presence of adults (home,p< .04; recess,p< .03) and had access to fewer active toys (home,p< .001; recess,p< .05). Gender differences were also evident for both activity and environmental variables. Boys were more active both at home (p< .01) and during recess (p< .01) and at home watched television more frequently (p< .005). These data indicated some subgroups of preschool children are more active than others, and the findings may be useful for pediatricians and educators responsible for developing physical activity promotion programs for young children.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:173–180, 1992.Index terms:preschool children, physical activity, systematic observation.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) has become feasible through analyzing dried blood specimens for immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT), but the benefits and risks of such a screening program remain to be delineated. This study, a survey of the parents of 104 Wisconsin infants with false-positive IRT tests, showed parents had knowledge deficits about neonatal screening in general, misconceptions about test results, and high levels of anxiety. Parenting behaviors were reportedly unchanged during the usual 3-day waiting period between the news of the abnormal screeing test and the diagnostic sweat test. Most, but not all, parents were relieved by negative sweat test results subsequent to the abnormal IRT test. Factors associated with continued parental concern included having less than a high school education and/or having an infant with low Apgar scores. Additionally, those contacted by telephone were more likely to have misinformation and lingering concerns about the presence of CF in their child.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:181–186, 1992.Index terms:cystic fibrosis, neonatal screening, trypsinogen, anxiety.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We evaluated the social reputation of children with cancer (nonprimary brain tumors) (n= 26) children with a primary malignancy involving the central nervous system (n= 15), and children with sickle cell disease (SCD) (n= 33) using a standardized measure of social reputation, the Revised Class Play (RCP). Each child's classroom teacher completed the RCP, an instrument designed to assess sociability-leadership, aggressive-disruptive, and sensitive-isolated interpersonal qualities. Matched-pairs analyses comparing the child with chronic illness to one peer in each class who was the same gender/race and the closest date of birth showed children with cancer were nominated more often for sociability-leadership roles and less often for aggressive-disruptive roles. Brain tumor survivors were nominated more often for sensitive-isolated roles. Children with SCD were not significantly different from peers. Findings suggest that the stressful life events associated with cancer or SCD did not have a significant negative impact on social adjustment for schoolaged children with these diseases. The data demonstrate the critical need for appropriate controls when evaluating psychosocial morbidity and chronic illness. Better understanding of the processes of resilience for these children who are routinely exposed to heightened stress provides an opportunity to improve the competence of other high-risk youth.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:187–193, 1992.Index terms:chronic illness, peer relationships.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A cross-sectional study of health and adjustment among 18 to 22-year-old patients with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is reported. Objective were to examine coping with IDDM in this age group; to identify predictors of health status, treatment adherence, and health care use; and to provide a retrospective evaluation of the persistence of IDDM-specific adjustment from earlier through later adolescence. Multiple validated measures, interviews of independent informants, and biochemical assays were used to assess psychological, behavioral, and metabolic status. Patients and parents completed a retrospective measure of the patient's adjustment to IDDM during earlier adolescence. Findings (n= 81) indicated: (1) normal rates of general psychopathology but some evidence of poorer adjustment to IDDM relative to other age groups, (2) poor diabetic control and high incidence of microalbuminuria, (3) specific factors associated differentially with treatment compliance, health care use, diabetic control, and microabuminuria among late adolescents, and (4) evidence that poor adjustment to IDDM in earlier adolescence persists into the transition to adulthood. The findings imply that late adolescents with IDDM are at risk of various unfavorable behavioral and health outcomes and that adjustment to the disease during earlier adolescence may be a predictor of subsequent health-related behavior and health status. A longitudinal study is needed to confirm these findings.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:194–201, 1992.Index terms:insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, adolescence, adherence, glycemic control, microalbuminuria, health care use.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A comprehensive sexuality questionnaire was administered to 37 females, ages 13 through 16 years, who attended clinics for routine health care. Subjects completed standardized scales of self-concept, locus of control, and future orientation. They also were given a short battery of standardized cognitive tests. Three groups were identified: Group 1 was sexually active and using contraception reliably, Group 2 was not using contraception reliably, and Group 3 had not been sexually active. Group 1 adolescents had higher scores on the vocabulary subtest of the WISC-R (F = 3.4,p< .05) than did Group 2 adolescents, over and above the effect of socioeconomic status (SES). Group 1 subjects had higher scores on knowledge of sex and contraception than did Group 2 (F = 3.3,p< .05). Group 1 had more internal locus of control (F = 7.0,p< .005) than did Group 2 over and above the effect of SES. Mean scores for Group 3 adolescents were intermediate and not significantly different. The findings suggest that cognitive factors may influence contraceptive behavior in adolescent females.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:202–207, 1992.Index terms:cognition, sex, contraception, adolescence.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This cross-sectional study, conducted in 1988, examines the association between hemoglobin level and behavior problems in 236 Hispanic children, ages 2 to 5 years, residing in low-income census tracts in the Los Angeles area. Venous blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and lead. Family and child data were obtained through a home interview with the child's mother or guardian. Behavior problems were assessed using questionnaires modeled after Child Behavior Checklists for children ages 2 to 3 and 4 to 5 years. A significant correlation between decreasing hemoglobin values and increasing total behavior problems scores was found for girls, 2 to 3 and 4 to 5 years old. These associations remained significant in both age groups after adjusting for maternal education and marital status. Statistically significant inverse correlations also were found between hemoglobin and social withdrawal, sleep problems, and depression (internalizing subscale behaviors) in 2− to 3-year-old girls, and between hemoglobin and aggression and hyperactivity (externalizing subscale behaviors) in 4− to 5-year-old girls. The potentially negative consequences of these anemia-related behavior problems on children's development, learning ability, and parent-child relationships warrant further investigation.J Dev Behav Pediatr 13:209–214, 1992.Index terms:hemoglobin, anemia, behavior, children, Hispanic.

ISSN:0196-206X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID